电子设计实践11月2日第一节至第二节

that is I would like to cover the this lecture. so this will have a big checklist. if you guys have a question you want to ask, you can ask today. if you don't have the questions, I guess we finish today. and we come back tomorrow. Tomorrow we will talking about the GPS. We will talk about the first and the back. And we will initially cover one hour. If I have another hour, at least I let you guys to do the work of today. system one and system two. That is like tomorrow. So if you have no questions, we can finish here today. just be sure to have everyone check the covers the works. I believe the covers already finished. just double check you have done it. and I see you tomorrow.

接下来，我想讲的是本次讲座的内容。这里有一个详细的清单。如果大家有问题想问，可以现在提出来。如果没有问题，那我们今天就到这里。明天我们继续。明天我们将讨论GPS。我们会讲它的前部和后部。我们预计会花一个小时来讲解。如果还有多余的时间，我会让大家完成今天的工作。包括系统一和系统二。这就是明天的安排。如果大家没有问题，那我们今天就结束。请大家务必确认，每个人都完成了任务。我相信大家已经完成了。再仔细检查一下，确保你们都做到了。那我们明天见。

any questions?

还有问题吗？

so, just to give you a highlight, this is the reference. have a look at the different style when you are in the future. alright, so this is the assessment. I would like to highlight to start from the team part, all team part. so this is a report or assessment might give you some papers about the real. it's like already published. like two or three years ago. which you will see the same structure in the report. so any questions about the technical report?

那么，为了给大家重点介绍一下，这就是参考文献。大家以后可以看看不同的格式。好的，接下来是评估部分。我想重点从团队部分开始讲起。这份报告或评估可能会提供一些关于实际内容的论文。这些都已经发表了。大概是在两三年前。大家会在报告中看到相同的结构。那么，关于技术报告，大家有什么问题吗？

so this is like two example I would like to highlight. I think we don't cover in here is the reference. for example here we can see the reference style is different. so just also one example, one scientific paper. This is like that, and you need to see which kind of the publisher or what kind of place that you are basically here we can see, for example, this part there is no name, maybe it's a problem in race. but this one you have the reference screen. that's the authors. and I guess there are quite a lot of authors. then you have the title. and the other papers. which are different.

这里有两个例子，我想重点强调一下。我认为这里没有涵盖的是参考文献。比如，这里我们可以看到参考文献的格式是不同的。这只是一个例子，来自一篇科学论文。就像这样，你需要查看是哪家出版社，或者是在哪个地方发表的。基本上，我们可以看到，比如这部分没有名字，这可能是格式上的问题。而这一部分则有参考文献的列表。那就是作者。我想作者应该有很多。然后是标题。以及其他论文信息。这些内容各不相同。

so this is one of the figures we i would like to show here. this is our style of figures. so here how to make your result with a nice here. the last one i will highlight is kind of figures slightly different to show the results. for example, in here, the author would like to, one of this figure, start from x-axis is about here. y-axis also is people, how many people you have in here. that running the right is your data. so in here is talking about four different categories. start from the whole sport. and it associates to the bachelor to the master, the last one is a doctor. so four different category. and here we use a big pie to present different category. so this is the difference. between 2012 and 2022. you can clearly see all the number. This part of the number is higher than the 2012. So this is the one which will show our results. thinking about how do we show our results. This is particular of system we want, but in the future maybe we will set the service up in the Amazon Cloud. next year we have to start the system stuff.

这就是我想在这里展示的一个图表。这就是我们的图表风格。那么，这里是如何让你的结果看起来更美观、呢？最后我要重点介绍的一种图表，它略有不同，是用来展示结果的。比如在这里，作者希望用其中一个图表，从x轴大约这个位置开始。而y轴则是人数，显示这里有多少人。右边显示的就是你的数据。所以这里讨论的是四个不同的类别。从整个运动开始。然后依次是学士、硕士，最后一个是博士。所以是四个不同的类别。这里我们用一个大的饼图来展示不同的类别。这就是区别所在。即2012年和2022年之间。你可以清楚地看到所有的数字。这部分的数据比2012年要高。所以，这就是展示我们结果的图表。我们在思考如何展示我们的结果。这是我们想要的一个特定系统，但未来我们可能会把服务部署在亚马逊云上。明年我们将着手启动这个系统。

it's the views. so it is also published in scientific journals. it's just the different style. the first one is the article, now we move to the views. so, of course, we here start from the titles. the titles is always the nice and big. it's nice font and clear. we here have paper about the economy of the US beyond size superpower. there is a question mark. the next one is talking about the simple abstract. that's it. now the abstract is much shorter compared to the previously. scientific paper. in here we can see who write this, the author. yeah, two authors. so this is the abstract that the author at the bottom. and also when they publish this paper before. so start from the introduction. follow the background. also they use some titles to highlight the following sections, what are the main point. so you can see there's one, two subtitles here that the importance of the following content. so for this one, i would like to highlight one thing which i think is it's kind of nice. this is one of the example of the figures. you can see the x-axis means the year. start from the 1995 to 2020. then the y-axis is talking about the research funding. also they put the data in here. and the different one you can see was the this orange color. it's kind of for the American. and the blue color is for the China. so basically i make the figures understand each figure is is which country. and it also give us some like explanation about why person the growth of the economic or that is the GDP. so we can find out the GDP in America.

是关于视图的。它也是发表在科学期刊上的。只是风格不同而已。第一篇是文章，现在我们来看视图。当然，我们首先从标题开始。标题总是写得很好，而且很大。字体美观，清晰易读。这里有一篇关于美国作为超级大国之外的经济状况的论文。上面有一个问号。下一篇是关于简单摘要的。就是这样。现在的摘要比以前短了很多。科学论文。在这里，我们可以看到作者是谁。是的，两位作者。这就是作者在底部的摘要。还有他们之前发表这篇论文时的情况。那么，我们从引言开始。然后是背景介绍。他们还使用了一些标题来突出以下各节的主要内容。大家可以看到，这里有一、两个小标题，说明了以下内容的重要性。对于这一部分，我想强调一点，我认为很不错。这是一个图表的例子。大家可以看到，横轴代表年份。从1995年开始，一直到2020年。而纵轴则表示研究经费。他们也把数据放在这里了。大家可以看到，不同的颜色代表不同的内容，比如这个橙色。这是美国的数据。蓝色代表中国。基本上，我制作这些图表是为了让大家明白，每个图表代表哪个国家。而且，它还提供了一些解释，说明经济为什么会有这样的增长，也就是GDP的增长。所以，我们可以查看美国的GDP。

so for this one, i just want to highlight the figures like this. next is the other thing. this is the second example.

对于这一部分，我只想重点强调一下这些图表。接下来是另一件事。这是第二个例子。

That's why they are popular for the UV light. That is the ratio of the voltage divided the current. and the current is one. in this test, right? That is why we put your kilo ohms, that is your resistance in here. Then you can understand what the author would like to show. It's the resistance divided the current. It's the current. That is the meaning of this. And for each card, you can see they have the four colors. then or five colors, character colors. And each colors, they also show the capacity. That is your experimental issue. so this is the film about the clear features, how to press the button. and the person also steps into the talk about this. so this is a very high quality papers. you can see the figures is basically talk about what we would like we discuss on the first of the paper.

这就是为什么它们在紫外光领域很受欢迎。这是因为电压与电流的比值。而电流是1。在这个测试中，对吧？这就是为什么这里标的是千欧姆，也就是电阻值。这样你就能理解作者想要表达的意思了。就是电阻除以电流。也就是电流。这就是它的含义。对于每一张卡，你可以看到它们都有四种颜色。或者说是五种颜色，也就是字符颜色。而且每种颜色还代表不同的容量。这就是你的实验任务。所以，这段视频介绍了清晰的功能，以及如何按下按钮。而且讲解员也详细地介绍了这一点。这是一篇质量非常高的论文。大家可以看到，图中的内容基本上就是我们论文第一部分讨论的内容。

So this is one of the figure. Now let's go back to the other figure. This is another example. Looking at the middle figure, the figure about B. Of course, at the bottom, they will compare the strain B with the standard one. Where B is this one. So in here, this figure is the lines. They use the solid lines, the dashed lines, and also they put the temperature. So look at the x-axis, this covered from -50 to 50. The meaning of this is the current. and they put the nanoamp current. That is the unit. You must know the unit in here. This is the amps. Then you have the size here, 100 million interest in here.

这就是其中一张图。现在我们回到另一张图。这是另一个例子。看中间的这张图，就是关于B的那张。当然，在底部，他们会比较B型与标准型的差异。B就是这一个。那么在这里，这张图是线条图。他们使用了实线、虚线、还标注了温度。那么看横轴，它覆盖了从负50到50的范围。这里的含义是电流。他们标注的是纳安级别的电流。这就是单位。你必须了解这里的单位。这是安培。然后这里还有尺寸，这里是1亿像素。

Then let's go back to the figures. In the results of this paper, there are lots of fascinating, very nice paragraph. was the productivity, right? This is very powerful. This is how to we said how to make your things interesting and useful and readable. So here, one of the key point I want to show is for example, on the left side of this figure, the author has this figure. That's it. In the x-axis, this show from zero to 1.5. In each space is 0.5. And here, they talking about the whole bearing factor. Even you don't understand what's the meaning of this, but you at least have to understand the meaning of information. Here, you will understand what is the x standing for. Then on the y-axis, they are talking about this is the e. I guess it is the electrical field. or something else. And here, they are talking about the people per kilometer. That is the electrical field. The voltage divided the distance, which is your electrical field. So you understand the physical meaning of the y value. So this thing is, at least you can understand what we are talking about. And then you have some data. So each part you have the value ready. from 100 to 100k, 100,000. the range is from blue to red. So this figure give you all the information. The hotter the electron, the lighter color later.

接下来，让我们回到图表部分。在这篇论文的结果部分，有很多非常精彩、非常漂亮的段落。比如生产力，对吧？这一点非常有说服力。这就是我们之前说的，如何让你的内容变得有趣、有用且易于阅读。那么，这里我想强调的一个关键点是，比如在这张图的左侧，作者使用了这张图。就是这样。横轴显示的是从0到1.5。每个间隔是0.5。而这里，他们讨论的是整个承载因子。即使你不完全理解它的含义，但至少也要明白这些信息的意思。在这里，你就能明白x代表什么了。而在纵轴上，他们讨论的是e。我猜这应该是电场。或者其他什么。而这里，他们讨论的是每公里的人数。这就是电场。电压除以距离，就是电场。所以，你现在明白y轴数值的物理意义了。至少这样，你就能理解我们在说什么了。然后你有一些数据。每一部分都有现成的数值。从100到10万。范围是从蓝色到红色。所以这张图提供了所有信息。电子越热，颜色就越浅。

for example, this reference 24, I had this one. you can see the first one, two, three, four, is about the authors. for this paper. that is from this "Topological Superconductivity with a Inverse Magnets." This is the title of this paper. So you can see the structure is from the author. five author to the title. after the title is talk about which journal they use. that is which volume. and at the end, in the bracket is the year. so this is for this publisher, they have this kind of format. different publisher has a different styles. So for this one, I just want to add this. But the information you remember is the author. title. publisher. volume, page and the year. This is the key thing. But the orders will be different for different publisher. So this is the main text, you can see it's similar as what the report we just suggest. in the first 20 minutes.

例如，这个参考文献24，我有这个。大家可以看到，第一个、第二个、第三个、第四个、都是关于作者的。也就是这篇论文的作者。这是来自《具有逆磁性的拓扑超导电性》。这就是这篇论文的标题。所以大家可以看到，这个结构是来自作者的。从五位作者到标题。标题之后，讲的是他们使用的期刊。也就是卷号。最后，括号里是年份。所以，对于这家出版社来说，他们有这种格式。不同的出版社有不同的风格。所以对于这个，我只是想补充一下。但你需要记住的信息是作者。还有标题。以及出版社。卷号、页码和年份。这些是关键信息。但是，不同出版社的排列顺序会有所不同。这就是正文部分，大家可以看到，它和我们刚才建议的报告格式很相似。在最初的20分钟里。

So the part I highlight here, this is for the abstract. Okay? This is also important. I suggest we write this at the end. after you finish the paper. So they also have this abstract. Then below this one is we talking about the introduction part. So from the first paragraph, from here, what is very interesting, the people use the quite a lot of reference. This is why people use the reference. All this, 250, 84, all this reference. This is talking about the background. The experiment or work background. This is the key thing. You can use the information of the old application or what information you get. or your problem. This is the key thing you put in your reference. So all this is showing the background. of your experiment. then the second is they used some like small titles. for example, this we are talking about the in the main text you have the result chapter, result section, result section or discussion section, right? So this thing in here, they have the small titles. talk about their novelty. for this work. then let's move back. This is another small title also talk about the second. they are talking about the third one. All this is talk about what they have done. what their experiment. how they do their experiment, what is the experiment, what kind of the results. this is looking the main text we discuss the results and the discussion section, right? and at the end, there is another subtitle is called conclusion. we have a report. as well. then at the last part, you can see all of this is is the reference. so this one is because they use the speaker. general publisher. so they use the their style. if you know two means a part, just do this one.

所以我在这里高亮显示的部分，就是摘要。明白吗？这一点也很重要。我建议大家在最后再写。等论文写完后。所以他们也有摘要。那么，在摘要下面，我们讨论的是引言部分。那么从第一段开始，从这里开始，很有意思的是，人们引用了很多参考文献。这就是为什么人们要使用参考文献。这里，250、84，所有这些参考文献。这是在介绍背景。也就是实验或工作的背景。这是关键所在。你可以利用旧应用的信息，或者你获取到的其他信息。或者你的问题。这就是你在参考文献中要包含的关键内容。所以，所有这些都在展示背景。你的实验背景。其次，他们使用了一些小标题。例如，我们在正文中会提到，有结果章节、结果部分，或者讨论部分，对吧？所以这里，他们使用了小标题。用来阐述他们的新颖之处。针对这项工作。那么，让我们回到前面。这是另一个小标题，也是关于第二点的。他们在讨论第三点。所有这些都在讲述他们所做的工作。以及他们的实验。他们是如何进行实验的，实验的具体内容是什么，以及得到了什么样的结果。这看起来就像我们在正文中讨论结果和讨论部分的内容，对吧？最后，还有一个标题叫做结论。我们有一份报告。同样。那么在最后一部分，大家可以看到，所有这些都是参考文献。之所以这样，是因为他们使用了扬声器。也就是通用的出版商。所以他们采用了自己的风格。如果你知道“two”代表一个部分，那就这样做。

So let's see the example in here. So first, we are talking about the cover sheet. The cover sheet including the name. title. address. right? So look at these articles. Of course, we have the title. It's on the top. It's not that big. So that is the title. And below the title, that's on the name of this famous startup company. it's YI Buyu Shop. There are seven authors in here. And on the left-hand side, it also have the time. So this is the set up. It's published in 2024. So you have the time. And the address, here is the address. But I believe after this, that's the address. Because for each, then you can see there is the Wi-Fi or something. That's the address. So this is in this kind of scientific paper, most have the cover sheet, but the information is different. But the content is identical. Okay? There is the small part of this area, you can see from this part.

那么，让我们来看一下这里的例子。首先，我们来看封面页。封面页包括姓名。标题。地址。对吧？那么，请看这些文章。当然，它们都有标题。就在顶部。它不是很大。这就是标题。在标题下方，是这家著名初创公司的名称。就是“YI Buyu Shop”。这里有七位作者。在左侧，还有时间。这就是设置。它是2024年发表的。所以这里有时间。还有地址，这里就是地址。但我相信，在这之后，就是地址了。因为每一篇都有Wi-Fi之类的信息。那就是地址。所以，在这种科学论文中，大多数都有封面页，但信息各不相同。但内容是一样的。明白吗？这个区域有一小部分，大家可以从这里看到。

so this is something what we talk about the last 20 minutes. but this basic thing will help to write everything in the future. So I picked up two examples. One is the scientific paper. which is published in top journal. and the other one is the news. also is from Nature. we are talking about the news.

这就是我们过去20分钟一直在讨论的内容。但是，这些基础知识将有助于大家今后撰写所有内容。所以我选了两个例子。一个是科学论文。它发表在顶级期刊上。另一个是新闻报道。也是来自《自然》杂志的。我们讨论的是这条新闻。

then, this is something you guys need to read after the lecture. that's it. the reading material for you guys to follow. and it's written on the lecture post. so this one already in the papers. you just go back when you have the time. if you don't have the time, I'm gonna give you guys a lot of way to read all of this. so here, what I want to show you something that's really interesting.

接下来，这是你们课后需要阅读的内容。就这些。这是供大家参考的阅读材料。这些内容都写在课程公告里了。所以，这部分已经包含在论文里了。大家有时间的时候可以回去看看。如果没时间，我会给大家很多阅读这些材料的机会。那么，在这里，我想向大家展示一些非常有趣的内容。

then this is the main part i just said, you can copy some information from the one. copy all this, including the introduction to the summary. to the reference. and in here, this figure is good, I really like from the people. so this is a lot of the guide for you to follow this one. and some pictures of the campus. so this one i just show you the easy one. the one we would like you guys to cover.

接下来是主体部分，我刚才说过，你们可以借鉴其中的信息。把从引言到摘要的所有内容都复制过来。一直到参考文献。还有这里，这张图很好，我很喜欢。所以，这就是你们可以参考的指南。还有一些校园的照片。这一部分，我只是给大家展示了一个简单的例子。这也是我们希望你们能够涵盖的内容。

very good. this is one of the example. You may have to do next one weeks. just check your deadline. so first up, we talk about the half page. you can see this. what half a page? There are some long texts. so the first page is the cover page. They have the title, of the problem, and we know who is the name. who write on this report. and the affiliation, the address of this guys. the department, the university, everyone. also we put the date and this very important.

非常好。这是一个范例。你们下周可能需要做类似的。请留意截止日期。首先，我们来谈谈半页纸的报告。大家可以看到这个。什么是半页纸？里面有一些长篇的文字。所以，第一页是封面页。上面有标题、问题描述、以及作者姓名。也就是谁写的这份报告。还有他们的所属机构和地址。包括院系、大学，一应俱全。另外，我们还要写上日期，这非常重要。

so this is the office bundle one sheet. we just discussed before. here what we would like you guys to generate the report template. read all of this and we also have some like requirement for this section A. it is the size of 16 size for the final and every part is well. here we care about the word styles, proper styles. here we talk about the title, introduction, theory, experimental results, discussion, conclusion and reference. all this is the layout of your report. and here we also give you some instructions. you can see which is copy. copy this part in your report in each section. after the theory section. just copy all this after your theory section. this is the same for your system one report. and later for your real report, you need to write this part. don't forget this part. This is very important. this is the same for your system one report. and for example, in theory, what we would like you to copy this equation and copy it like a directly. to your report template. then the third part is talking about the results. so in results, there are some like tables. we would like you guys to use the left side is current, right hand side is voltage. and that's it. And again, just to make sure you have the unit. okay? then the following is the 0.456. just follow up all of this. Very simple. so don't make a mistake in here. so, a system like this one is very easy. if you know this one, you can do this in half hour. so, this is, I guess, the very basic report style. let's see some examples. the people did last so this is this is one of the students in year four.

这就是Office套件的一份文档。就是我们之前讨论过的那个。在这里，我们希望你们能生成一个报告模板。请阅读这些内容，我们还有一些关于A部分的要求。最终的大小是16号，而且每个部分都要完整。在这里，我们关注的是Word样式，正确的样式。这里我们提到了标题、引言、理论、实验结果、讨论、结论和参考文献。这就是你们报告的整体结构。在这里，我们还给出了一些说明。大家可以看到，就是“复制”这个选项。把这部分复制到你们报告的每个章节中。也就是在理论部分之后。把所有这些都复制到理论部分之后。对于你们的系统一报告，也是一样的。稍后在你们的正式报告中，需要撰写这部分内容。别忘了这部分。这非常重要。对于系统一的报告，也是一样的。比如，在理论部分，我们希望你们复制这个公式，并直接复制进去。到你们的报告模板中。那么，第三部分是关于结果的讨论。在结果部分，会有一些表格。我们希望大家使用左边是电流，右边是电压。就是这样。再次强调，一定要确保单位正确。好吗？接下来是0.456。只要按照这些步骤来就行。非常简单。所以，这里不要出错。所以，像这样的系统非常简单。如果你熟悉这个，半小时就能完成。我想，这就是最基本的报告格式了。我们来看一些例子。这是大家上次做的报告。这是大四学生的一个例子。

so, for the assessment, this is a good example. we will give you assessment one, which including the information i will read it up after the lectures. and start to generate the report and data. you need to do this very carefully because in later in next week, we will do the live session. and use this template to write your lab report. which save your time. so this course will be step by step. so finish assessment one, we'll give you the next one. so some students ask what is software we are using. so here we are using MS. which is Microsoft, Microsoft Word. we are encourage the students use the Microsoft Word, you should download from Microsoft. official web page, then register as students, which is free to use. but of course, you cannot download the Microsoft because some kind of limitation. and another option is WPS. that is free to use. but they are not very popular. therefore you have to use the Heriot-Watt, then everyone can use the Microsoft. there is something like the font style. so actually I suggest to start with the Microsoft. so in the system wide you will have the Microsoft Word and Excel. Excel is help you to generate the tables. and figures. Then you can put all these into a report. And for the equation, this kind of thing you can use the Microsoft. Word has the function. so this also give you the experience to use these two software. so this is the office bundle. Maybe you have a look to the share one. let's have a look. This one I give you guys some examples about the final version.

那么，对于评估来说，这是一个很好的例子。我们会给你们一个评估一，其中包含了一些信息，我会在讲座结束后读给大家听。然后开始生成报告和数据。你们必须非常仔细地做这件事，因为之后下周，我们会进行直播课程。大家要用这个模板来写实验报告。这样可以节省时间。所以这门课会是一步一步进行的。完成评估一之后，我们会给你们下一个。有些同学问，什么是我们使用的软件。这里我们用的是MS。也就是微软的Word。我们鼓励学生使用Word，大家应该从微软官网下载。在官方网页上注册学生账号，这样就可以免费使用了。当然，你可能无法下载微软的软件，因为有一些限制。另一个选择是WPS。它也是免费使用的。不过，它们不是很流行。所以，你必须使用赫瑞瓦特的系统，这样大家才能都用上微软的软件。还有一些东西，比如字体样式。所以，我建议大家从微软开始。在系统中，你会看到微软的Word和Excel。Excel可以帮助你生成表格。还有图表。然后，你可以把这些都放进报告里。至于公式之类的东西，你也可以用微软的软件。Word里就有这个功能。所以，这也能让你获得使用这两款软件的经验。这就是Office套件。也许你可以看看共享的那个。我们来看一下。这里我给大家展示一些最终版本的例子。

this is an island. the students start to put something against something. but for me, i have no idea about the what about the meaning. the only thing i can see on the top is a boat, right? there is no information for the x-axis. no y-axis. the only thing about this is very easy. Every year I highlight this. you see some mistakes. happening here, okay? so please get your report into the shape. especially the figure. because the figure is the key point that we want to see from your assessment one. you will provide some data, should be measured from somewhere. to generate the figures. so here, just have a look. there is no x information and no y information. and no unit there. okay, let's look at the example. of course, in the future, there are lots of the figures you need to plot. i will show you some examples.

这是一个岛屿。学生们开始把一些东西靠在另一些东西上。但对我来说，我完全不知道这是什么意思。我唯一能看到的，就是上面有一艘船，对吧？但是x轴没有任何信息。y轴也没有。关于这张图，唯一简单的一点就是，每年我都会强调这个。因为你们会看到一些错误。就发生在这里。明白了吗？所以，请把你的报告整理成这种格式。尤其是图表部分。因为图表是我们从你们的评估一中想要看到的关键点。你们需要提供一些数据，这些数据应该是从某个地方测量得到的。用来制作图表。所以，大家看一下这里。这里没有x轴的信息，也没有y轴的信息。而且也没有单位。好的，我们来看一个例子。当然，在未来，你们需要绘制很多图表。我会给大家展示一些例子。

so this is the reference we are talking about. look at this figure.

好的，这就是我们讨论的参考文献。大家看这张图。

so there is another mistake for the report. this is one of the experiment examples last year we submitted. so here you can see the guys did the wrongs laws, that is the title. they start from the introduction section, right? so we experiment the method. and here also has a result section. here, right? so you can see the figures is okay. they have the titles compared the data. so this is like a very bad example. but for the x y, i think the meaning and also the discussing and the conclusion and the last one is the reference. so most of the section he has in there, but the mistake he has in there is to cover later. from this, we have no idea who write this. or the one is the hand or other things. so this is the first common mistake I would like to highlight. here no cover sheet. this is the second example of the report. also no title, which is the title. then you have the introduction, theory, experiment method, the results, the all things. the figures is also look nice and tidy. then you have a result, discussion and conclusion. the problem you can see here is the reference. this is not nice enough. open the reference now. any report you have to have at least one or two reference. because that is based on your theory. what is wrong is the equation are in four different lines. this is not your theory, right? This is based on some guys maybe like in the 17th century or 18th century have this equation. but it's always normal to have the reference. if you go back, there are references also. the reference one shows you the this one. but the point in this is, as I said, the format. the reference here is wrong. this is the point of the most of the students don't have the experience, right? they don't know how to write the reference. okay, and you guys have a try. you still have a short maybe next tomorrow or wednesday i give you a shorter section talking about the reference.

那么，报告中还有另一个错误。这是我们去年提交的实验示例之一。大家可以看到，这里他们写错了标题。他们是从引言部分开始的，对吧？所以我们用实验方法来验证。这里还有一个结果部分。就在这里，对吧？所以大家可以看到，这些图表是没问题的。他们有标题，并且对数据进行了对比。所以，这是一个非常糟糕的例子。但是对于x和y轴，我认为它们的含义以及讨论、结论，还有最后一部分的参考文献，都做得不错。所以大部分章节都在那里，但其中的错误需要稍后纠正。从这篇论文来看，我们根本不知道是谁写的。或者是手写的，或者其他什么情况。所以，这是我想强调的第一个常见错误。这里没有封面。这是报告的第二个例子。同样也没有标题，也就是标题部分。然后有引言、理论、实验方法、结果等等。而且图表看起来也很美观、整洁。接下来是结果、讨论和结论。大家可以看到这里的问题是参考文献。这看起来不够好。现在打开参考文献。任何报告都至少需要有一到两篇参考文献。因为那是基于你的理论。问题在于，公式被分成了四行。这不是你的理论，对吧？这是基于某些人的研究，可能是在17世纪或18世纪提出的这个公式。但有参考文献是很正常的。如果你往前看，也会发现参考文献。这篇参考文献展示了这个。但关键在于，正如我所说，是格式问题。这里的参考文献格式是错误的。这就是大多数学生缺乏经验的地方，对吧？他们不知道如何写参考文献。好的，现在大家来试一试。你们可能还有一点时间，接下来明天或周三，我会安排一个简短的环节来讲解参考文献。

and sometimes they also put some report, if you look at the introduction, like the end, there's an experiment or project. then the next one is, as I said, if you have any question, just show what your question are. after the lecture. so this is for the process for the paper writing. another thing is talking about the writing skill. i said you might provide your english teaching notes. to have the passive voice or active voice. i think here we will very careful the voice in this the point is that you have to write the report but most of the experiment part we suggest you use the passive voice. so for example, here, let's talk about the way we show it or what was the initial of this. so this is something you need to be careful. writing the report to make the reader to understand the content.

有时候他们也会放一些报告。如果你看一下引言部分，比如结尾处，就会有一个实验或项目。接下来，正如我之前所说，如果大家有任何问题，请直接提出来。在讲座结束后。这就是论文写作的流程。另外一点是关于写作技巧的。我提到过，你们可能会提供英语教学笔记。里面会讲到被动语态和主动语态。我认为在这里，我们需要非常注意语态的使用。关键在于，你必须写好这份报告。但在实验部分，我们建议你使用被动语态。比如，这里我们来谈谈我们是如何展示或说明这一点的。所以，这一点你需要特别注意。撰写报告时，要确保读者能够理解内容。

then introduction part, don't copy from the lab notes, because in the lab section, you will have the lab section, the lab section will produce some background. don't copy the sentence which is written by, written in your sentence also. like you might have other reading materials.

然后是引言部分，不要直接照抄实验记录，因为在实验部分，你们会有实验部分，而实验部分会提供一些背景信息。也不要直接复制别人写好的句子。因为你们可能参考了其他阅读材料。

alright, then the next one is talking about the writing. so for your report, remember, your report or in your abstract already, your lab section, we suggest you use the last.

好的，接下来我们要讨论的是写作。对于你们的报告，请记住，在摘要或实验部分，我们建议使用过去时。

this thing happening here. i will skip the box.

情况正在发生。我会跳过这个框。

so this is about the figures, how many things you need to add. and of course, on the top, we have the tables. so i suggest you use the unit for each part of the excel, right? air voltage in the hole and air atmospheric pressure. this is like the unit for our solution. so the unit is like we very want to use here because there is like a lot of

以上就是关于图表需要添加哪些内容。当然，在顶部还有表格。所以我建议你对Excel的每个部分都使用单位，对吧？比如孔内的气压和大气压。这就是我们解决方案中的单位。所以，我们非常希望在这里使用单位，因为有很多

the first they are showing is the figure type on the bottom. and they show the figure title. and on the main figure, it shows the title and the row of the and the y-axis shows the column you selected. so here we label all the data that we need in your figure. the point is to make the reader to understand the figure easily. especially for the tourist. because if you don't understand this one, on the x-axis, this shows the year. y-axis is the marriage rate. if you put the map, then your interest will be one dollar. so please make sure you use the right figure. for your figures and also the title.

他们首先显示的是底部的图表类型。然后是图表标题。在主图表中，显示了标题和Y轴显示的是你选择的列。所以在这里，我们给图表中需要的所有数据都加上了标签。目的是让读者能够理解图表。尤其是对于游客来说。因为如果你看不懂这个，X轴显示的是年份。Y轴是结婚率。如果你加上地图，你的兴趣就会增加一倍。所以，请务必使用正确的图表。包括图表的标题。

on the right hand side, there is a table. that table will assume you get this result. from the left section. first column is the current. you measure the voltage directly, 1A, 2A, and so on. and the next column is the voltage. so this means at 0.1A, you have 0.5 voltage. so this is the data we call it the measurement data. this is the raw data. and here what you can do is two ways. you can use a table to show the result. that is I've shown on the left hand side. it's not clear about the part of the end of this measurement. what you should do is transfer the result, the experiment data, into a figure. and show on the definite part. so here you can see the x-axis, this shows the current, that is, according to the left-hand column. then on the y-axis, this is the voltage. so here we have the x and the y. and the voltage column, the data with it. the next thing here is first the title. sometimes people forget to write the current here. and also including the units. so here always remember what you have in here. you see this one?

右边有一个表格。假设你得到了这个结果。这是从左边部分得到的。第一列是电流。你直接测量电压，1安培、2安培、以此类推。下一列是电压。这意味着，在0.1安培时，电压是0.5伏。这就是我们所说的测量数据。这是原始数据。在这里，你可以用两种方法。你可以用表格来展示结果。就像我在左边展示的那样。但是，这次测量的结尾部分不太清楚。你应该做的是，把实验结果和数据，转换成图表。并在明确的部分展示出来。在这里，你可以看到x轴显示的是电流，也就是根据左边的这一列。而y轴显示的是电压。所以这里我们有x和y。还有电压列，以及对应的数据。接下来，首先是标题。有时候人们会忘记写电流。还有单位。所以在这里，一定要记住你这里包含的内容。你看到这个了吗？

okay, let's start from the figures. this is like a company's

好的，让我们从图表开始。这就像一个公司的

so this is the main four main part of your report. in this course. and i said in the future, you might not gonna cover this part. or even the main text probably can be linked to the procedure. and for some report, maybe you have a table in this way. and after the situation, you have the future. but in here we have to do the overview of the reports. what kind of section we are going to write and do that.

所以，这就是你们报告的四大部分。在这门课程中。我说过，将来你们可能不会涉及这部分内容。甚至正文部分可能也可以与实验步骤联系起来。对于某些报告，你们可能会用这种方式做一个表格。在情况介绍之后，就是未来的部分。但在这里，我们需要对报告进行概述。也就是要写哪些部分，以及如何撰写。

how you guys reference, you know, should.

关于你们应该如何引用，我也知道。

Let's go back to the middle one. the report of abstract. So abstract actually is one of the very short summary to show what you have read. It's like a short summary for your main text. So here, usually the highlight and the background, maybe it's one or two sentences, talk about your work. why you are interested in this area. this kind of experiment. then the second one is talk about your method, how to do this area, what kind of equipment you use. then the third point is talk about, you see the same result you expect with your method or experiment. and the last one is conclusion. normally we suggest guys to write the main text first. then do your abstract. there are slightly different between the abstract and the conclusion. abstract is more like a high-level overview of your experiment. and the last part. and the summary is actually looks like your result part. so they are slightly different. And for your reference, I start thinking about the format here. this kind of feedback, if you guys have a real problem, maybe more or less you guys can talk to me.

让我们回到中间的部分。也就是摘要部分。其实，摘要是一个非常简短的总结，用来展示你已经阅读的内容。它就像是正文的简短摘要。在这里，通常会用一两句话来突出背景，并介绍你的工作。说明你为什么对这个领域感兴趣。也就是这类实验。第二部分是介绍你的方法，即如何开展这项工作，以及你使用了什么样的设备。第三点是讨论结果，即你的方法或实验是否得到了预期的结果。最后一点是结论。通常我们建议大家先写正文。然后再写摘要。摘要和结论之间有一些细微的区别。摘要更像是对实验的高层概述。最后一部分。而结论实际上更像是结果部分。所以它们略有不同。作为参考，我在这里开始考虑一下格式。这种反馈，如果大家有实际问题，也许可以和我多交流一下。

The second thing is also comparing our results with the theory. But you might see some difference. between the experiment and the theory. So that is the discussion. And the last point, what we found from our experiment. It was an error or something. So this is the main text or main section in your report.

好的，接下来我们进入表格和图表的部分。有很多学生都会犯错误。在后面的幻灯片中。大家都知道，你们在王教授的课程中已经积累了一些经验。那么，最难的部分就是讨论环节了。有时候学生不太理解这一点。就是结果和讨论部分。那么，你们想讨论什么样的结果呢？我的基本建议是关于对比的。也就是你们的结果和其他人的结果之间的对比。第二点是，我们还将结果与理论进行了对比。不过，大家可能会看到一些差异。也就是实验和理论之间的差异。这就是讨论的部分。最后一点，是我们从实验中发现的。可能是一些误差之类的。所以，这就是报告中的主要正文部分。

He is talking about the background of your experiment. or your report. This will also including the theory, okay? but what you show here and also show up what you do already, yeah? For example, people in which year can explain the experiment. and since we can demonstrate about the effect in this. So that is the theory and also you can go back to reference. This is the people already done. and of course, people experiment has their target. but maybe it's different than yours. And another thing in the introduction is highlight your novelty. What is the new thing you are doing here compared to the previous people already done? So all these things are including the text. Then we move to the results. In result part, the general thing is the figures. That is the main part. And we will give you opportunity to generate your figures. And the second one in the page four. I think this probably also have the tables. And that is the equation as well. The next one, the equipment, we will talk about the procedure of your experiment. how to build your circuit, why you build this circuit, and what kind of resistor, capacitor you use in your and why you use this. We will explain about that. so this is talk about the procedure of your experiment. after that, we will talk about how to do your experiment. but not, don't write everything. I'm more of the everything from the two pages of this presentation. you can read the key points of this procedure.

不要在报告中不写参考文献。至少也要写一两个。好的，让我们回到第一部分。那么，封面页。封面页包含一些最基本的信息。比如标题，实验内容，以及实验的目标是什么，还有你的名字。这就是报告。在这里，我们还会写上你的部门和年份。我写的是电子与计算机工程一年级。而最重要的是数据。这些数据既是你的报告，也是你的实验结果，但同时也是图表。这张表会告诉大家，在哪个班级、哪一年，有这种类型的报告。所以，这就是你希望在封面页中包含的基本信息。当然，有些人也会使用ICV。或者其他东西。让你的报告至少看起来更专业一点。不要在报告里放一些随意的图片。他正在谈论你实验的背景。或者你的报告。这也会包括理论部分，好吗？但是你在这里展示的，也展示了你已经完成的工作，对吧？比如，哪一年的人可以解释这个实验。我们可以展示其中的效果。所以，这就是理论部分，你也可以回去参考一下。这是别人已经做过的。当然，每个实验都有自己的目标。但可能和你的不同。介绍部分的另一件事是，要突出你的创新点。与之前相比，你在这里做了什么新的事情？和之前的人相比？所以，所有这些都包含在正文中。接下来我们进入结果部分。在结果部分，主要内容就是图表。这是核心部分。我们会给你机会来制作这些图表。第二个在第四页。我想这里可能也有表格。还有公式。接下来是设备部分，我们会讨论实验的流程。如何搭建电路，为什么选择搭建这个电路，以及你使用了什么类型的电阻和电容。以及为什么使用它们。我们会对此进行解释。那么，这就是关于实验流程的介绍。之后，我们会讲解如何进行实验。但是，不要把所有内容都写进去。我主要从这两页演示文稿中选取内容。大家可以阅读一下这个流程的关键点。

and the next point is I already said, you need to assume with the readers. because some guys have no knowledge about your stuff. So you need to write a good introduction section. which talk about your background. you need to some basic theory. you guys should know this stuff. So here we are talking about the control, research and results. the big part. then we split all this in different sections. Basically, the main part, we would like to start from first. This is a very, very basic report structure. Maybe in the future, we'll come up with another. But in here, we would like you guys to start thinking about from these four sections. from the cover sheet to abstract to main text, and the last one is reference. So, based on my experience, the reference part is maybe the tricky part. I guess the easy part is go to read some like a different style of reference. There are several reference style, Harvard reference style or another reference style. So this is really my experience.

接下来一点，我已经说过了，你需要站在读者的角度去思考。因为有些人对你的内容一无所知。所以，你需要写好引言部分。这部分要介绍你的背景。还需要包含一些基本理论。你们应该了解这些内容。那么，这里我们讨论的是方法、研究和结果。这是最重要的部分。然后，我们将这些内容分成不同的章节。基本上，主要部分我们从第一部分开始。这是一个非常基础的报告结构。也许将来我们会提出另一种结构。但在这里，我们希望你们从这四个部分开始思考。从封面、摘要到正文，最后一个是参考文献。所以，根据我的经验，参考文献部分是可能比较棘手的地方。我觉得容易的部分是去阅读不同风格的参考文献。有几种参考文献格式，比如哈佛格式或其他格式。所以，这确实是我的个人经验。

okay, so other objectives, this is the i think that your report we are looking at is the article of the report is contribute to someone else. And in here is to me of each semester, you say what have you done in the lab session. the what results you already get. And then you need to have a conclusion about it. And all of this, you can have a reference or evidence to double check it all. which was not your point.

好的，还有其他目标。我认为，你的报告我们关注的是，报告的内容应该对他人有所贡献。在这里，每个学期我都会要求你汇报你在实验室环节做了什么。以及你取得了什么成果。然后你需要对此做出总结。所有这些都应有参考依据或证据，以便进行核实。但这并不是你的重点。

i believe every year from now, there are at least one or two reports. in the future, you can like write document or meeting summary document or anything report. so this is one of the first thing we elaborate in this course is write the report.

我相信，从现在起，每年至少会有一到两份报告。将来，你可以写文档、会议摘要或其他任何报告。所以，这是我们本课程中首先阐述的一点，那就是撰写报告。

you can see in the back, it's a game developed by me whole years.

你可以看到后面，那是我用了好几年开发的一款游戏。

The third one is talking about the company's theory or standard. So this is based on your concept. on your experimental procedure. so you need to make your readers to understand your experiment. also understand about the point that you try to present. and this will be the some evidence, especially for your results. as I just said. last year we found some guys make up the results. very complicated, it's some mistake here. so that is not a commission. This is important to us. the last one is a professional. so this is like technical report. a lot of people have a lecture, you send to your professor tutor or your friend. you can use the informal words. here we are in the professional talk. we cannot use some of the useful words that we write the paper. the students, PhD students are writing the technical report, they are writing the papers. they can use the words. so this is you need to have some experiments. you can read other people's report or the papers. you are right.

第三点是关于公司的理论或标准。所以，这是基于你的概念。以及你的实验流程。所以，你需要让你的读者能够理解你的实验。同时，也要让他们明白你想要表达的观点。这些将作为一些证据，特别是针对你的结果。正如我刚才所说。去年我们发现有些人伪造了结果。情况非常复杂，这里出现了一些错误。所以这不是一个委员会。这对我们来说很重要。最后一点是专业性。这就像一份技术报告。很多人会写论文，然后发给你的导师、辅导员或朋友。你可以使用非正式的措辞。但在这里，我们是在进行专业交流。我们不能使用写论文时常用的那些词汇。学生们，尤其是博士生，他们在撰写技术报告，也就是论文。他们可以使用那些词汇。所以，你需要做一些实验。你可以阅读其他人的报告或论文。你说得对。

So for the lab report writing, this is something that you guys need to ask me. The point is we would like you guys after experiment, do some writing, some few small documents. Of course, in here is for me, but you can rewrite this for your line manager. or other colleagues who want to understand about your lab. So here, the first thing is you need to present the result in a good way. to show some even not a typical experts in your area still understand. and the calculation or process you did in the lab. So this is quite useful. So here about some how to make your experiment in details. Of course, you need to have the documentation, even of the some pictures or something. So that will be helpful when you are a line manager or like that, that will break your 30 pages report. So somehow you need to show your result in a good way. Then the next point is the read off. So when you write a report, the general rule is you need to think about your report is not for the experts. So maybe you need to think about you write this to your sister or your friend. who has no experience in your electronic design or whatever. So, minimum is one thing, and this also including the language. So the all the work we are doing here should be in English. I think you guys already have the English course in the last test. So you combine this one and your English course. This is, I think, that the IELTS writing test. we are more focus on the marking mark. So we are not looking for the very beautiful sentence, but somehow you can make your sentence read fluent.

那么，关于实验报告的撰写，这是你们需要问我的问题。重点是，我们希望你们在完成实验后，能写一些东西，写一些简短的文件。当然，这里是写给我的，但你们也可以把它改写成给你们的直线经理看的。或者给其他想了解你们实验情况的同事。那么，首先，你需要以良好的方式呈现结果。这样即使是你所在领域的非专家也能理解。还有你在实验室里所做的计算或流程。所以，这非常有用。这里介绍了一些如何详细记录实验的方法。当然，你需要有文档记录，哪怕只是一些图片之类的。这样对你的直线经理会有帮助，也能避免你写出一份30页的报告。总之，你需要以良好的方式展示你的结果。接下来的一点是“可读性”。所以，当你写报告时，一般规则是你要考虑到，你的报告并不是写给专家的。所以，也许你应该想想，你是写给妹妹看的，还是朋友看的。他们对你的电子设计等领域没有任何经验。所以，至少要做到这一点，这也包括语言方面。所以我们在这里做的所有工作，都应该用英语。我想你们已经上过英语课了，在上次考试中。所以，你可以把这两者结合起来。我认为，这就是雅思写作考试。我们更关注评分标准。所以我们并不追求非常优美的句子，而是而是要确保你的句子能够读起来流畅自然。

So you guys can find my email address if you have any question, just email me. I will do that for the deadline. Normally I respond to the questions. So there is a lot of questions here. I'm happy to help you guys on the course. for this module and other experiments.

所以，你们可以找到我的电子邮件地址，如果有任何问题，可以直接给我发邮件。好的，我会在那之前处理。通常我会回复这些问题。这里有很多问题。我很乐意在课程上帮助大家。无论是这个模块还是其他实验。

if you guys have no questions, how about we have a 15 minutes break, and come back. 15 minutes come back, okay? how about we come to 10 to 9? alright? okay, we have a 15 minutes break up.

如果大家没有问题，那我们休息15分钟，然后再回来。15分钟后见，好吗？那我们9点50分回来怎么样？好的？好的，我们休息15分钟。

i think it's okay. okay, okay.

我觉得没问题。好的，好的。

and there is lots of the reading materials i have already uploaded here. so please have a look. a lot of it you will see, especially for the later assessment. so this is the overview of this course. how we design this course, you can also have a look at the information here. so that is the assessment. any other thing here?

另外，我已经在这里上传了很多阅读材料。请大家查看一下。你们会看到很多内容，尤其是关于后期作业的部分。那么，这就是这门课程的概述。关于课程的设计，大家也可以在这里查看相关信息。以上就是作业部分。这里还有其他问题吗？

so i think this is what i would highlight for the campus. anything else?

所以，我认为这就是我要为各位同学重点强调的内容。还有其他问题吗？

okay so this is my version of the hamers. because combining of this other hamers. but you guys have to the ocean university. so the title is ocean university. in here i have upload all the information. so i hope you guys can have a look to see. just check all this. i hope you can already see the information. we should publish online. so this one is including from the first part to the week two lab two. all the information will be inside. for the lab one, this is one of the information, the lecture notes and the reading materials. and this is the thing that just now I showed you, the assistant. and the thing we do not only have to use the computing here. but there is some problems. so check out this after the lecture. and later we will start with the three one and every and the other one is, this is the lecture content. so this is the assistant. of course, you guys just have to use the official one. so i already published the this file. the hard point of this part of the research and the presentation is by you to upload your presentation. and the rest five or six member you need to upload this thing. for example, the lab one report template, you need to submit. i think i already see that in the online. another thing is, I know you guys maybe use the different software to write a report. but for us, i recommend you guys to use the Microsoft 365. and you guys can use the WPS or something. so the point is, because you guys are our work students, the Microsoft 365 is free. actually we put the higher expectation to try to make all this extra benefit for you guys. so try to use the Microsoft. it's free. for the submission, the thing I add is you don't submit the word document. just please save as a pdf. otherwise we cannot to mark your report. sometimes the word document cannot show. then you will get a zero mark. so please submit all of your assessment same as pdf. do not save as the word or excel or something else. pdf is the best. it's fast to open and download.

好的，这是我的Hammer版本。因为它结合了其他Hammer的特点。不过，你们得去海洋大学。所以标题是“海洋大学”。在这里，我已经上传了所有的信息。希望大家可以看一下。检查一下这些内容。我希望你们已经看到了这些信息。我们应该把它发布到网上。这一部分包括了从第一部分到第二周实验二的全部内容。所有信息都会在里面。对于实验一，这里有一些信息，包括讲义和阅读材料。这就是刚才我给你们展示的助教。我们不仅仅要使用这里的计算资源。但是，存在一些的问题。所以，请在课后查看一下这些内容。稍后，我们将开始第三部分的实验一。另一个是，这是讲课内容。所以，这就是助教。当然，你们只需要使用官方的那个。我已经发布了这个文件。这一部分研究和演示的重点，就是让你们上传自己的演示文稿。剩下的五六个成员，需要上传这个内容。比如，实验室一的报告模板，你们需要提交。我想我已经在网上看到了。还有一点是，我知道你们可能使用不同的软件来写报告。但是对于我们来说，我建议大家使用微软365。当然，你们也可以使用WPS之类的软件。所以，重点是，因为你们是赫瑞瓦特的学生，微软365是免费的。实际上，我们对大家寄予了更高的期望，希望能为大家提供所有这些额外的福利。所以，请尽量使用微软的产品。而且是免费的。关于提交，我要补充一点，不要提交Word文档。请直接保存为PDF格式。否则，我们无法批改你们的报告。有时候Word文档无法正常显示。那样的话，你们就会得到零分。所以，请大家将所有作业都保存为PDF格式提交。不要保存为Word、Excel或其他格式。PDF是最好的。它打开和下载都很快。

so this is the assistant i'd like to tell them.

好的，这就是我想强调的。

i hope so.

我希望如此。

is that clear? any other feedback?

清楚了吗？还有其他反馈吗？

the last one is then go to week two. we will have the also a concept generator start over the interim period. last year we found some failure in that. so last one is that everyone must be here. we will have some lectures the next two days. but two days, monday tuesday will be like one. i think thursday we have the two lecture. and then will be the lab 1. experiment and two practice. and after that we will submit the report and the report to 18th i think. so basically end of this month you will finish all your part and stuff.

最后一点是，接下来进入第二周。届时我们将有一个概念生成器，在过渡期间启动。去年我们在这方面发现了一些问题。最后一点是，每个人都必须到场。接下来的两天我们会有一些讲座。不过只有两天，周一和周二算作一天。我觉得周四会有两场讲座。之后就是实验室1。实验和两次实践。之后，我们需要提交报告，还有报告。我想是18号。所以基本上，到这个月底，你们就要完成所有的部分和任务了。

then wednesday we will do the research and presentation. so that is a ppt, you guys will generate one ppt for first trial already upload the list in canvas. the point that i will highlight is the presentation. the presentation will be next wednesday. and friday. but we will try to finish on wednesday today. two hours to finish all the presentation. i imagine three groups. which means you have to finish your presentation prepare before next wednesday. okay? so that is something i would like to see. then the next one is i think the deadline is 13th november. okay, then you will have maybe three page ice list about the idea.

那么周三，我们将进行研究和展示。也就是要做一个PPT，你们需要为第一次尝试制作一个PPT，并且已经上传到了Canvas系统里。我要重点强调的是展示环节。展示将在下周三进行。还有周五。不过我们会尽量在今天周三完成。用两个小时把整个展示做完。我设想分成三组。这意味着你们必须完成演示文稿的准备，在下周三之前。好吗？这就是我想看到的内容。接下来，我认为截止日期是11月13日。好的，那么你们大概有三页纸的创意清单。

let's see, we just start to the participant. So today we will have the course introduction, the lecture one. Next one we have the test for meeting. and then we come back on the three one, course report. and the report writing. on the right hand side, the last column, you will have the deadline. get something associated with the deadline. so on the left hand side that is the deadline. Then tomorrow we will come the MP. and probably we will give you guys one hour. to start reading. and we will see you guys in one hour.

让我们来看看，我们刚刚开始了参与者环节。所以今天我们将进行课程介绍，也就是第一讲。下一讲我们将进行测试。然后我们会回到第三部分，即课程报告。还有报告写作。在右侧，最后一列是截止日期。请注意与截止日期相关的内容。所以左边是截止日期。那么明天我们将进行MP环节。大概会给大家一个小时的时间。用来阅读。我们一小时后见。

or if you have any question, just send the email to us. and start to learn in another side of the room. alright, so this is basically the course introduction. any voice questions so far?

或者，如果你有任何问题，直接发邮件给我们就行。然后到房间的另一边开始学习。好的，这基本上就是课程介绍。到目前为止，有什么问题吗？

so the last thing i want to highlight is actually the information may be a little small. so this is as i said, we have the whole campus to deliver this. of course, the cost leader is not her. it's based in Edinburgh. I think I probably finished this course part one already. actually we have lots of campus to deliver in this course. every year. and it's a benefit also. so if you have any feedback you want to talk about this course, please give me a talk. and in ocean here we have the sandy and the beach delivering the course. my email is here. send me the email.

最后我想强调的一点是，其实这些信息可能有点小。正如我之前所说，我们整个校园都可以发布这些信息。当然，成本领导者不是她。它位于爱丁堡。我想我可能已经完成了这门课的第一部分。实际上，我们有很多校园都可以提供这门课程。每年都有。这也是一项福利。所以，如果你对这个课程有任何反馈或想讨论的地方，请和我谈谈。而在海洋这里，我们有沙滩和海滩来开展课程。我的邮箱在这里。给我发邮件吧。

i think i can see that. so check your account. your harvard account and go to campus. everything should be online. if you cannot see that, please let me know. especially more assistant. because your assistants in campus. our last point, i think what we will not leave is that if you have any question, you can come to see me or email me. my email address is k@. course information i think already up online. the mostly one is the assistant. please have a look. i know about the deadline in campus media. and see you don't have the assist for the assistant. but i will go back to after week two. and there will be a time difference. so please leave your email. if problem, come to see me as soon as possible. alright? and for the laboratories, she also told that you and something, when you back from the reading, we are ready to have a lab. so check it out. i'm free at this one. i think you guys see some box. that one is original box. and that is a post from arowave. let's go workshop. it's already here on the saturday.

我想我能看到。所以，请查看你们的账户。用你们的哈佛账户，然后进入校园。所有东西都应该在网上。如果看不到，请告诉我。尤其是助教们。因为你们的助教就在校园里。最后一点，我想我们不会离开的是，如果大家有任何问题，可以来找我，或者给我发邮件。我的邮箱地址是k@.课程信息应该已经上线了。最主要的是助教。请大家查看一下。我知道校园媒体上的截止日期。但你们没有助教的支持。不过，我会回到第二周之后。到时候会有时差。所以请大家留下邮箱。如果有问题，请尽快来找我。好吗？还有关于实验室的事，她也提到，等你们从阅读回来后，我们就准备好做实验了。大家去看看吧。我这个时候有空。我想你们看到了一些盒子。那个是原装的盒子。还有一个是PCB板。另一个是来自Arowave的海报。我们去车间吧。就在周六。

here is one of the image showing how to do this. i think that's after you, the theory, the simulation of the circuit and the circuit and the soldering. then you will show your construction, the PCB board. there's a lot of students started to test. and also on the right hand side, this is the white part. this is the battery holder. to test your circuit before you put in the PCB board. and in my part, I think we will give you guys one or one or two. to build in your circuit. you have the LED, one thing is the LED, that is the cross. we have something. This is for you guys to test. it's quite a lot interesting thing here. even last year, there's one group actually, because the indication is very big, so they think it like a a restaurant. so they show all the LED work in series. both the LED work at the same time. that is what they just did for their curiosity. but this starts to really get us to the next level. it's quite a lot interesting thing here. even last year, there's one group actually, because the indication is very big, so they think it like a restaurant. so they show all the LED work in series. so they have the red and green LED, both the LED work at the same time. that is what they just did for their curiosity. we will give you guys an opportunity to do this. the important part is campus, right? if you can already have the campus, right? so after the lecture, please check your campus in the in the working for this post. i already published everything online.

这里有一张图片，展示了如何操作。我想这是在你们学习了理论知识、进行了电路仿真以及焊接之后。然后你们就可以展示你们的成品，也就是PCB板。已经有很多学生开始测试了。另外，在右边，这是白色的部分。这是电池座。在把电路板装进去之前，你可以用它来测试电路。至于我这边，我想我们会给你们一两个。用来搭建电路。你们有LED，还有一个是LED，就是那个十字形的。我们还有一些东西。这是给你们测试用的。这里有很多有趣的东西。甚至去年，有一个小组，因为指示器很大，他们觉得它像一家餐厅。所以他们展示了所有LED串联工作的效果。两个LED同时工作。这就是他们出于好奇心所做的。但这确实让我们提升到了一个新的水平。这里有很多有趣的东西。甚至去年，有一个小组，因为指示器很大，他们觉得它像一家餐厅。所以他们展示了所有LED串联工作的效果。他们有红色和绿色的LED，两个同时工作。这就是他们出于好奇心所做的。我们会给你们一个机会来做这件事。重要的部分是校园，对吧？如果你已经有了校园，对吧？所以，讲座结束后，请检查一下你们的校园。在这个职位的工作范围内。我已经把所有内容都发布到网上了。

we are going to start with the circuit and the robot.

我们将从电路和机器人开始。

i just said there is no right and examination. we will have a final examination all this will finish. the last deadline is the next class, middle next class. this is the last class. before the i see. this is one of the example standing we will do as you know on the right side. before you guys will start. there are quite a lot of resistors, you can see the color band. the one thing is we will not learn by heart, we will teach you how to read the resistor value from this particular color band. you see on the left hand side there is some color band. and we also have the integrated chips in here. and the capacitance in here. and the bottom have some soldering, all the hardware you'll sell. and on the left, the big screen is the software. the operation software that will start with your circuit. i think you have more project already, have some students.

我刚才说过，没有所谓的正确答案。我们会进行期末考试，这样一切就结束了。最后的时间节点是下节课，也就是下周的课。这是最后一节课。在我看到你们的作品之前。这是我们将要做的一个示例，就在右边。在大家开始之前。这里有很多电阻，大家可以看到上面的色环。有一点是，我们不会要求大家死记硬背，而是会教大家如何读取这些色环所代表的电阻值。大家看左边，有一些色环。这里还有集成电路芯片。还有这里的电容。底部有一些焊点，这些都是你们需要焊接的硬件。左边的大屏幕是软件界面。这个操作软件会与你们的电路一起启动。我想你们已经有其他项目了，也有一些学生。

enough time to submit your report. okay, so this is my part. part one will have the last 25% and part two will have other 75%. i think we'll take another 50%. this is normal standard thing we will do. all these computer systems are limited to the max. before you get to a higher marks. so come to get the lab report.

时间很充裕。好的，这就是我的部分。第一部分占25%，第二部分占剩下的75%。我想我们会再占50%。这是常规的做法。所有这些计算机系统都有上限。只有达到更高的分数，才能突破这个上限。那么，现在我们来进入实验部分。

the next one is the two reports. so the first i want to highlight is when you write the reports, please come to the lab session on time. if you don't have the experiment data or lack of the result chapter, your report will be very bad. i believe last two years there is some students who make up their results. unfortunately, our teacher office found out about it. so don't make up your result. okay, that is i want to highlight here. so two labs, the first one is the using oscilloscope to measure the voltage, current. i think Dr. Su Tao will give us the lab. and by the way, another interference. the next one is we have the skills we will learn in the practice. i think you guys get a nice score. and don't miss the basics of the course. now we would like to see the difference between hearing and the hearing. so there are two labs in here. and after the lab session, you guys will write two reports. i already very get nervous because then i like ten days after the lab, you guys have

接下来是两份报告。首先，我想强调的是，在撰写报告时，请务必准时参加实验室会议。如果你没有实验数据，或者缺少结果章节，你的报告就会非常糟糕。我相信在过去两年里，有一些学生伪造了他们的结果。不幸的是，我们的教务处发现了这件事。所以，不要伪造结果。好的，这就是我想强调的。那么，有两个实验。第一个是使用示波器测量电压，电流。我想苏涛博士会给我们讲解这个实验。顺便提一下，还有一个干扰因素。接下来是我们在实践中要学习的技能。我想你们的成绩应该不错。而且不要忽略了课程的基础知识。现在，我们来看看听觉和听力之间的区别。这里有两个实验。实验结束后，你们将撰写两份报告。我已经很紧张了，因为我要在实验后大约十天，就要提交报告了。

so all of this will be on the campus. we will check the campus later.

所以，所有这些活动都将在校园内进行。我们稍后会检查校园。

okay, the next point is three is a presentation. so every year we encourage the students to stand here and make a verification. but you know, some guys last year, the students were very, you know, even some guys we recorded the video and share to some many person. it's really impressive. so the point three is we will give us maybe two, three minutes. but it will be very interesting. there are lots of students. so we try to finish this in two hours. i will discuss with the local lecturer to divide into three groups. all of this will have a marks. the last one is i t. the point is after we give you the information, you guys will also search online. and you give us a essay to summarize the content.

好的，下一点是第三点，那就是演示。所以，每年我们都鼓励学生站在这里，进行演示。但是你知道，去年有些学生，他们非常，嗯，甚至我们录了视频，分享给了很多人。这真的令人印象深刻。所以第三点是，我们会给大概两三分钟的时间。但这会非常有趣。这里有很多学生。所以我们尽量在两小时内完成。我会和当地的讲师讨论，把大家分成三组。所有这些都会有分数。最后一个是信息技术。重点是，在我们提供信息之后，你们也需要在网上进行搜索。然后提交一篇论文来总结内容。

all right, so this is about the assessment of the exam. on the left side is showing the AC101 to AC401. what we would like to get include, for example, from AC1 you guys will have the word document for the lab report template. so just be careful. it's not a normal report. it will be the introduction of the assessment sheet. AC1 is the personal development plan. I think it is the most interesting one. so we would like to give you a word document for you guys to think about what is your advantage and also and also make a plan to improve your development of your personal skills. this is including the other skills. this is my they are all the skills that I think is the best skill.

好的，那么，这就是关于考试评估的内容。左边显示的是AC101到AC401。我们希望包含的内容，比如从AC1开始，大家会有一份实验报告模板的Word文档。所以请大家注意。这不是普通的报告。它会是评估表的介绍。AC1是个人发展计划。我认为这是最有趣的一个。所以我们想给大家一份Word文档，供大家思考自己的优势，以及劣势。并制定计划来提升个人技能。这包括其他技能。比如，我认为这些都是最好的技能。

and the last point was the flaws. there's a few additional flaws. one of it is the end of okay, the first flaw that I was gonna highlight is that every, this week and the next week, there is one week's talk. and two labs, lab one and lab two. and everyone should finish the report. I will show you one of the word documents I prepared. you got the summary, so you'll get the score down. then we will have a test here. so please read the document carefully. and the last section from the week three and week five is a final report. it will be by seven. you guys will be the last class for seven. our university after the seven.

最后一点是缺点。还有一些额外的缺点。其中之一是，我要指出的第一个缺点是，每周和下周，都有一场讲座。还有两个实验，实验一和实验二。每个人都必须完成报告。我会给大家展示一下我准备的一个Word文档。里面有摘要，这样你们就能拿到分数了。然后我们会在这里进行一个测试。所以请大家仔细阅读文档。第三周和第五周的最后一部分是最终报告。它将在七点之前完成。你们是七点最后一节课的学生。我们大学在七点之后就结束了。

i just find the i t, i have some experience in this. i know it's a professional organization. also the staff, i think there is a lot of rich people in the university, especially for the university. and after that, you will use the oscilloscope to measure the electrical and electronic. so this is the kind of the end line of the sometimes we actually learn this to us, we can talk about the videos. Heriot-Watt

我发现了IT行业，在这方面我有一些经验。我知道这是一个专业组织。还有员工方面，我认为大学里有很多优秀的人才，尤其是对于大学来说。之后，你会使用示波器来测量电气和电子信号。所以，这就是实验的结束部分。有时候我们会播放视频，让大家了解相关内容。赫瑞瓦特

okay, so after this, what we would like you guys to get get the skills. the first one is the course. so as i said, because we have a lot of students in here, we are also divided in several groups. this might be even bigger than last year. Last year was like five students, this year is quite six. so we will try that. and the bad thing, another thing is, unfortunately, I don't know why, the local lecturers all try to miss their course from 8 a.m. until 9 o'clock in the morning. and they also organize the course, I think, only two hours per day. and also, if they, and they also organize the course, I think, only two hours per day. so that is the laboratory work that we're going to be doing. the second one is the skills for professional development of the employees. this is, I think, the best. after this three more years, you will have your graduation. so the whole five years were there. so you guys are ready for exploring the high school. we are proud now.

好的，那么，学完这门课后，我们希望同学们能够掌握一些技能。首先是课程内容。正如我之前所说，因为我们这里有很多学生，我们也分成了几个小组。这个小组可能比去年还要大。去年大概有五个学生，今年有六个。所以我们会尝试这样做。还有一件不好的事情是，很遗憾，我不知道为什么，当地的讲师们都试图逃课，从早上8点一直到9点。而且他们安排的课程，我想每天只有两个小时。另外，如果他们在实验室里，我们下周就能完成大部分工作。否则，我们可能没时间完成。这就是我们要做的实验室工作。第二点是员工职业发展的技能。我认为这是最好的。再过三年，你们就会毕业了。所以整个五年都在那里。那么，你们准备好探索高中生活了吗？我们现在很自豪。

the next one is more tricky one. you guys must start from the middle school or high school. and then be the university. one thing is the lab, the laboratory, we do some experiment, do some lab stuff, start to using and also some software tool. some very fundamental equipment you will have there, and also writing the lab will involve this will be different from the first one. and next one is the software tools. so we will, I think this is quite all understand, the first topic. if you are a student, you learn the software. like the start bit. and the last one, like I said, after from the week three, after my session, some of you will have the Arduino PCB board design. there are a structure of the, well, the PCB board, the current I'm going to test. so this is the overview of the course. this course already, I think, already four years up. we are offering here at the ocean university. we also have the guest lecturer, Dr. Wang. in the course. i think we have other lecturers to deliver the course. of course, in China, we have a lot of programming shop. and so we have four campus. to deliver this course in person. and so this is the key course in university.

下一个问题就比较棘手了。大家必须从初中或高中开始。然后进入大学。还有一点是实验室，我们会做一些实验，进行一些实验室操作，开始使用一些软件工具。那里会有一些非常基础的设备。此外，实验室工作还包括这与第一个情况有所不同。接下来是软件工具。我想大家对这个话题应该都挺了解的。如果你是一名学生，你会学习这些软件。就像开始位一样。最后一点，就像我说的，从第三周开始，在我讲完课之后，你们中的一些人将进行Arduino的PCB板设计。这涉及到PCB板的一些结构，也就是我接下来要测试的电流部分。好的，这就是这门课程的概述。我想这门课已经开了四年了。我们在赫瑞瓦特大学开设这门课程。我们还有一位客座讲师，王博士。负责这门课。我想还有其他讲师也会来授课。当然，在中国，我们有很多编程方面的专家。我们一共有四个校区。可以面对面地教授这门课程。所以，这是大学里的一门核心课程。

so that is the presentation skills. of course you will make the slides and everything in the topic. the next one is the professional presentation. there are lots of the professional organization around the world. i think you guys would really love the executive board and everything, right? we are talking about the i.e. this is the editor is not the young professional organization. and of course we have other organizations. like guys, i've been working so we try to give you guys some favors about the professional organization. and you can see some help. the key thing is we would like to share about the while you are studying master, we can definitely read for you guys.

这就是演示技巧。当然，你需要制作幻灯片，并围绕主题展开内容。接下来是专业演示。世界上有很多专业组织。我想你们一定会喜欢执行委员会之类的东西，对吧？我们说的是I.E.。这是一个年轻的职业组织。当然，我们还有其他组织。比如，我一直在工作，所以我们想为大家提供一些关于专业组织的帮助。大家可以看到一些帮助。关键在于，我们希望分享关于大家攻读硕士学位时，我们可以为大家提供阅读材料。

because this year, we have quite a lot of students so we have a lot of here. the idea is that we will be buying these three models. and we might need help from the local lecturers. to help with us. what is slightly different is that the main difference between the i.d. car and the well car could have less students but have more experienced students. so this is slightly different here. we try to provide you guys a lot of different. but this is the main direction of the driving.

因为今年，我们有很多学生，所以我们有很多人。我们的想法是，购买这三个型号。我们可能需要当地讲师的帮助。来协助我们。稍微有点不同的是，主要的区别在于，i.d. car的Well Car可能学生人数较少，但会有更多有经验的学生。所以这里的情况略有不同。我们尽量为大家提供各种不同的体验。但这是驾驶的主要方向。

So the first thing I want to talk about

首先，我想谈谈

I can't look at her anymore. All right?

我再也无法直视她了。你还好吗？

Heriot-Watt

有很多焊接工作。所以我们按照这个步骤进行测试。你可以看到有很多黄色的框。在右边。赫瑞瓦特。

Be sure to have everyone check the chapters—the works that have been published. That is the chapter you have read.

请确保每个人都检查那些已发表的章节和作品。那就是你们已经读过的章节。

Do you have any questions? If you have a question, you want to ask, you can stay. If you don't have a question, I guess we finish today and we come back tomorrow. Tomorrow we will talk about the GPS. We will talk about the algorithm of that, and we will finish cover one hour. Then we move on to other topics, and then next week we do the work of today's System One and System Two delivery tomorrow. That is planned for tomorrow. So if you have no questions, we have finished here today.

大家有没有问题？如果有问题想问，可以留下来。如果没有问题，我想我们今天先到这里，明天再继续。明天我们会讲GPS，会讲它的算法，我们会完成一小时的覆盖内容。然后我们进入其他主题，下周再做今天System One和System Two的交付工作。这是明天的计划。所以如果没有问题，我们今天就到这里结束。

I would like to highlight this reference: the use of fourteen thousand figures about the rail, published around 1943 or 1944. You will see the same structure. Any questions about the paper report?

我想强调这条参考文献：关于铁路的四万条数据，发表于1943年或1944年前后。你们会看到相同的结构。关于这份报告有什么问题吗？

What I would like to highlight here is the reference. A reference style is not just showing one author; just showing one author is not sufficient for a paper. At the university level, it depends on what kind of publisher or what kind of venue you are targeting. Basically, for example, this part here has no name—maybe it is from a phrase. But this one has a complete reference: three authors—the first author, second author, third author—then you also have the title, the year, and so on.

我想在此强调的是参考文献。参考文献格式不仅仅是列出一个作者；仅展示一位作者对于论文来说是不够的。在大学层面，这取决于你投稿的是哪种出版商或哪种类型的刊物。基本上，举例来说，这部分没有作者名——可能来自某个短语。但这一条则是一个完整的参考文献：三位作者——第一作者、第二作者、第三作者——然后还有标题、年份等等。

This slide shows our results. Our model is superior in terms of accuracy on the test part compared with XCR, which is a baseline from Heriot-Watt.

这张幻灯片展示了我们的结果。与赫瑞瓦特大学的基线方法XCR相比，我们的模型在测试部分的准确率上更优。

This is our style of figures. We care about how to make the results look nice. The last slide uses different styles of figures to show the results. For example, here the author uses a bar chart. The x-axis represents the year, and the y-axis shows the number of people. There are four different categories: starting from Associate, then Lecturer, Master, and the last one is Doctor. Different colors are used for different categories. This clearly shows the difference between...

这是我们的图表风格。我们关注如何让结果呈现得美观。最后一页使用了不同风格的图表来展示结果。例如，这里作者使用了一个柱状图。横轴表示年份，纵轴显示人数。共有四个不同的类别：从Associate（副研究员）开始，然后是Lecturer（讲师）、Master（硕士），最后一个是Doctor（博士）。不同类别使用不同的颜色。这清楚地展示了……之间的差异。

This graph uses orange to represent America and blue to represent China. The y-axis indicates which country. It also provides an explanation of their growth rate—specifically, 3.5% growth rate per capita, which refers to GDP per capita in America.

这张图用橙色代表美国，蓝色代表中国。纵轴表示国家。图中还对其增长率作了解释——具体而言，人均增长率为3.5%，即美国的人均GDP。

Here you can see who wrote this—the authors. There are two authors listed here. This is the abstract: the author tells us what they published this paper for. Starting from the introduction, the background is covered, but they also use subtitles to highlight the following sections—one of the main points. You can see one, two subtitles here that indicate the importance of the overall title pattern. For this one, I want to highlight this kind of graph. It is one example of a figure. You can see the x-axis is the year, starting from 1995 to 2020. The y-axis is talking about the research funding. They also put the legend here, and the different lines represent…

这里可以看到作者是谁——列出了两位作者。这是摘要部分：作者告诉我们他们发表这篇论文的目的。从引言开始，背景被涵盖在内，但他们也使用小标题来突出后续各节——这是要点之一。你可以看到这里有一两个小标题，体现了整体标题结构的重要性。关于这一点，我想强调这种图表。它是一个图的示例。你可以看到横轴是年份，从1995年到2020年。纵轴讨论的是研究经费。他们还在此处放了图例，不同的线代表……

For this one, I just want to highlight the figures section of the structure. This is the second example. It is also published in Science, so it is just a different style. The reverse side is the abstract down to the results. Of course, in here, start from the title. The title is always big or size-important. We compare that paper about how long we have the US side — the size is just normal. The next one is talking about the sample abstract: how the abstract is much shorter compared to the reverse side.

对于这一篇，我只想强调结构中的图表部分。这是第二个例子，它同样发表在《Science》上，只是风格不同。反面是从摘要到结果的部分。当然，在这里要从标题开始。标题总是很大或者在尺寸上很重要。我们对比那篇论文，看看美国那边的篇幅——尺寸只是正常的。下一个要点是关于样本摘要：摘要是如何比反面短得多的。

On the Y-axis, we have velocity divided by current. That is the ratio of velocity divided by current. In this sense, Y is the value of resistance here. Then you look at this figure, you understand that the bottom of the figure shows resistance divided by current—that is the term. That is the meaning of this. For each current, you can see there are four or five currents here, different currents, and each current also shows the contribution. That is what is starting an issue. This is a figure about figure parameters—how to present data—and the figure also demonstrates something about this. So this is a type of figure; you can see the figure is basically talking about what we would like.

在Y轴上，我们有速度除以电流。这就是速度除以电流的比值。从这个意义上说，Y就是这里的电阻值。然后你看这张图，你会发现图的底部显示的是电阻除以电流——那就是这个术语。这就是它的含义。对于每个电流，你可以看到这里有四个或五个电流，不同的电流，每个电流还显示了其贡献。这就是开始产生问题的地方。这是一张关于图形参数的图——如何呈现数据——这张图也演示了相关内容。所以这是一种类型的图；你可以看到这张图基本上在讨论我们想要表达的内容。

Look at the middle figure. Of course, at the bottom we will compare all three figures: B, C, and D. Here, this figure uses lines—solid lines, dashed lines—and also labels the temperature. Look at the x-axis: this character represents current, I, in milliamps. The unit here is current, and they put the label on current. This is the unit. You must put the unit here because people assume this is amps. Then you have one millivolt per degree Celsius here.

请看中间的图。当然，在底部我们会比较B、C、D三张图。这张图使用了线条——实线、虚线——并且标注了温度。看横轴：这个字符代表电流I，单位是毫安。这里的单位是电流，他们把标签标在了电流上。这就是单位。你必须在这里标注单位，因为人们会默认这是安培。然后这里有一个每摄氏度一毫伏。

Here we understand what is X. X stands for distance. Then on the Y-axis, we are talking about this is E. E is the electrical field, or something else. As you see here, we are talking about V per kilometer. That is the electrical field unit, right? So voltage divided by distance, which gives you the electrical field. So you understand the basic meaning of the Y value. At least you have understood what we are talking about. And then you have some legend here. Each part has a value ranging from 100 to 100k, 100,000 range. This figure gives you all the information the author would like to provide to the reader. So this is one of the...

这里我们理解X代表什么。X代表距离。然后在Y轴上，我们讨论的是E。E是电场，或者其他物理量。正如你在这里看到的，我们讨论的是每公里伏特（V/km）。这就是电场的单位，对吧？所以电压除以距离，就得到电场。这样你就理解了Y值的基本含义。至少你已经明白我们在讨论什么了。然后这里有一个图例。每一部分的数值范围从100到100k，即100,000的范围。这张图提供了作者想要向读者传达的所有信息。所以这是其中一种……

This is the paper that was first published. Let's go back to the figure. In the results of this paper, there are many very nice paragraphs for structure-activity relationship, very powerful. This is how to make your work interesting and useful for readers. The key point I want to show is on the left side of this figure. The author presents this figure. In the x-axis, this shows from zero to one point five. Each state is zero point five. Here they forget about the full failure factor. Even if you do not understand what the meaning of this is, at least you can get some meaning from it.

这是首次发表的论文。让我们回到这张图。在这篇论文的结果部分，有很多关于构效关系的精彩段落，非常有说服力。这就是如何让你的研究对读者既有趣又有用的方法。我想展示的关键点在这张图的左侧。作者呈现了这张图。在x轴上，范围从零到一点五，每个状态间隔为零点五。这里他们忽略了完整的失效因子。即使你不理解这个含义是什么，至少你也能从中获得一些意义。

Reference number four—I have this one here. You can see the first one, two, three, four, five are the authors of this paper. Then this is the title of this paper. So you can see the structure goes from the authors to the title. After the title, it is about which journal it is, then which volume, then how many pages. At the end, in the bracket, is the year. Basically, for this publisher, they have this kind of requirement. Different publishers have different styles. For this one, I just want to add this information. You need to remember: Author, Title, Publisher, Volume, Page, and Year. This is the key thing. Maybe the order will be different.

参考文献编号四——我这里有一条。你可以看到第一个到第五个是这篇论文的作者。然后这是论文的标题。所以你可以看到结构是从作者到标题。标题之后是期刊名称，然后是卷号，再然后是页数。最后括号里是年份。基本上，对于这家出版商，他们有这种格式要求。不同出版商有不同的风格。对于这一条，我只是想补充这个信息。你需要记住：作者、标题、出版商、卷号、页码和年份。这是关键。也许顺序会有所不同。

The experimental section presents the results. The main text discusses the results and includes the discussion section. At the end comes the conclusion. We also have a report. The last part is the reference. This format follows Springer publisher's style. If you go through this part, just do a quick review. For example, this is the...

实验部分呈现结果。正文讨论结果并包含讨论章节。最后是结论。我们还有报告。最后一部分是参考文献。这一格式遵循施普林格出版社的风格。如果你浏览这一部分，快速过一遍即可。例如，这是……

What part of background? This is the key thing you could use the information about the whole domain, what information you get, or your quality of your work. This is the key thing you could reference here. So all this is showing the background of your experimental. Then the second is it use some small titles. For example, we are talking about in the main text you have the result and discussion section, right? So this thing here, they have the small titles to talk about their work for this part. Then next to that, this is another type of title to talk about the second section. They are talking about the third one. All this is to talk about what they have done, what their experiment, how they do their...

背景部分要写什么？这是关键所在——你可以引用整个领域的相关信息，说明你获得了什么信息，或者你的工作质量如何。这就是你在参考文献中需要重点体现的内容。所有这些都是在展示你实验的背景。第二点是使用小标题。例如，我们在正文中有结果与讨论部分，对吧？这里他们用小标题来介绍自己这部分的工作。紧接着，另一个小标题用来介绍第二部分。他们再谈第三部分。所有这些都是为了说明他们做了什么、他们的实验是什么、他们如何开展……

So this is a scientific paper. On the left side we have a figure with a caption on the right. There is a small part of this area highlighted — this is called the abstract. I suggest that we write this abstract at the end, after finishing the main part. Then this one is talking about the Heriot-Watt part. From the first paragraph, from here, the discovery — people find a lot of references. This 500 is a reference. All these 1,584 references — all this is talking about the background, the experimental...

这是一篇科学论文。左侧有一个图，右侧是它的图注。这片区域中有一小部分被高亮标注——这就是摘要。我建议在完成主体部分之后再写摘要。接下来这部分讨论的是赫瑞瓦特的内容。从第一段开始，从这里，关于发现——人们找到了大量参考文献。这500条是一条参考文献。所有这些1584条参考文献——都在讨论研究背景、实验……

So first of all, we are going to look at the cover sheet. The cover sheet includes the name, title, address, and time. So look at the list of articles. Of course, we have the title on the top. Below the title, you can find the names of these authors—seven authors here. And on the left-hand side, you also have the time. This paper was published in 2004. So you do have the time. And the address—here we do not show the address, but I believe after this you can see the address. Because for each name, you can see there is one-by-one testing.

首先，我们来看封面页。封面页包括姓名、标题、地址和时间。请看这份文章列表。当然，标题在最上方。标题下方是作者姓名——这里有七位作者。左侧还有时间信息，这篇论文发表于2004年。所以时间是有的。至于地址——这里没有显示地址，但我相信在这之后你可以看到地址。因为对于每个姓名，你可以看到逐一进行的测试。

What we discussed in the last thirty minutes is fundamental, but this foundation will support everything going forward. I will use two examples here. One is the scientific paper — publication in a journal. The other is the news — how journalists or reporters communicate about the news.

我们过去三十分钟讨论的内容是基础性的，但这个基础将支撑今后的所有内容。我这里用两个例子来说明。一个是科学论文——在期刊上发表。另一个是新闻——记者或报道者如何传播新闻。

There are reading materials for this week. You need to read them after the lecture. There are also recorded lectures you can follow; the recordings are on Blackboard. The reading materials are already in the papers, so go back and read them if you have time. If you do not have time, you should still make an effort to read all of this. Now, here is what I want to show you—something relevant.

本周有阅读材料，课后需要阅读。同时也有录播讲座可供跟随学习，录像已上传至Blackboard平台。阅读材料已经包含在论文中，如果有时间请回去阅读。即使时间紧张，也应尽量通读全部内容。接下来，我想给大家展示一些相关内容。

Now I'd like to give you an overview of the information flow from one office to the other, including the interaction with the summer and the breakfast. And here, this figure—the blue area—carries the data. So this is the one where the W should have one of these parts, which are cameras. This part just shows you the easy one, the W that you guys need to cover.

现在我想给大家概述一下信息从一个办公室流向另一个办公室的过程，包括与夏季和早餐的交互。在这里，这张图中的蓝色区域承载数据。所以这就是W应当拥有其中一个部件（即摄像头）的地方。这部分只是向大家展示简单的那个，即你们需要覆盖的W。

This is a model example. You will do one next week as a chapter assignment. First, we talk about the cover page. This is a student at Heriot-Watt University. The cover page contains the title of the project, the name of who wrote this report, the affiliation, the address, also the department and the degree, and the date when you wrote it.

这是一个示范样本。你们下周将完成一份类似的章节作业。首先，我们来讨论封面页。这是一位赫瑞瓦特大学的学生。封面页包含项目名称、撰写本报告的学生姓名、所属机构、地址，还有院系和学位，以及撰写日期。

The left-hand side is current; the right-hand side is empty. Just make sure you have your email there. The bottom line is 0.456—just follow all of this. Very simple. This is a very basic report style. Next, we will see some examples of people in the class. This is one of the students' reports already.

左侧是当前页，右侧为空白。请确保你的邮箱地址已填写在此处。最底行的数值是0.456——按照这些要求操作即可，非常简单。这是一种非常基础的报告格式。接下来，我们来看一些班上同学的示例。这是其中一位同学已经完成的报告。

In the summary report, you will find the results, discussion, conclusions, and references. All of this is in one report. In the main report, we also give you some instructions. You can see which means copy. Copy this summary report into each section of your main report. Just copy all of this under your theory section, under your discussion section. This is only for your assessment one report. Later, for your real report, you do not write this part. Do not copy this part. This is only for assessment one. For example, in theory, what we would like you to do is copy this equation and divide it into two parts. Then the second part is copying about the results. In results, there are some tables.

在总结报告中，你会看到结果、讨论、结论和参考文献，所有内容都集中在一份报告中。在主报告中，我们也给出了一些说明。你可以看到，意思是复制。将这份总结报告复制到主报告的每个章节中。只需将所有内容复制到你的理论章节下、讨论章节下。这仅适用于你的第一次评估报告。之后，在你的正式报告中，不需要写这部分，不要复制这部分。这仅用于第一次评估。例如，在理论部分，我们希望你们复制这个方程并将其分为两个部分。第二部分是关于结果的复制。在结果部分，有一些表格。

This is the assessment plan. I will give you some examples of the final work version, including the report. This assessment plan is shared with the group. What you need to do is generate the report template. Along with this, there are also requirements for the section headings. The font size is 60, and every part must be filled. Here we discuss the title.

这是评估计划。我会给大家提供一些最终作业版本的示例，包括报告。该评估计划已与小组共享。你们需要做的是生成报告模板。除此之外，对章节标题也有相关要求。字体大小为60，每个部分都必须填写完整。这里我们讨论的是标题。

There are options such as WPS, which is free. Another option is Microsoft. For Year Four, you will be using Heriot-Watt, and everyone can get Microsoft. The features are mostly okay, though there is something about font size or style that can be improved. Personally, I would suggest students use Microsoft. In the system, you will have Word and Excel. Excel helps you generate reports and figures. Then you can import all of this into PowerPoint. For equations, you can use Word as a function tool. So this also gives you the experience.

有WPS这样的选项，它是免费的。另一个选项是Microsoft。到了大四，你们会使用赫瑞瓦特的系统，每个人都可以获得Microsoft。其功能大体上是可以的，不过在字号或字体样式方面还有一些可以改进的地方。我个人建议同学们使用Microsoft。在系统中，你们会用到Word和Excel。Excel帮助你们生成报告和图表，然后你们可以将这些内容导入PowerPoint。对于公式这类内容，你们可以使用Word作为函数工具。这样也能给你们提供相应的经验。

We have a template for the report, which saves you a lot of time. I will do this step by step. Next, some students have asked what software we are using. Here we are using MS Word, which is Microsoft Word. We encourage students to use Microsoft Word, which you can download from the official Microsoft webpage. Some students use their HW account, which is free to use. Of course, if you cannot download from Microsoft because of some limitation…

我们有一份报告模板，可以节省大量时间。我会一步一步地讲解。接下来，有些同学问我们使用什么软件。这里我们使用的是 MS Word，即 Microsoft Word。我们鼓励同学们使用 Microsoft Word，可以从微软官方网页下载。部分同学使用 HW（赫瑞瓦特）账户，该账户可以免费使用。当然，如果你因为某些限制无法从微软下载……

Here, as you can see, there is no extra information—no y information, no u information—just the basic data. This is simply an example for this type of problem. Of course, in the future there will be lots of figures involved; I will show some examples. For the assessment, this is a sample: Assessment One, which includes the information covered after the lectures. The best approach is to generate a report of ten minutes. You need to do this very carefully because next week we will conduct the evaluation.

这里可以看到，没有任何额外信息——没有y信息，没有u信息——只有基本数据。这只是此类问题的一个示例。当然，未来会涉及大量图表，我会展示一些例子。关于考核，这是一个样本：考核一，包含讲座之后所涉及的信息。最佳方式是生成一份十分钟的报告。你们需要非常认真地完成这项工作，因为下周我们将进行评估。

This is a low reference we are talking about. Look at this figure. Students start with something against something, but we have no idea what the student is promoting. There is no information for the x-axis or y-axis. I highlight this because most students make mistakes here. So please, when you get your report, you should check, especially the figure. A figure should be a pinpoint of results from one thing to another. You provide some data, maybe measured from somewhere, to generate the figures.

这就是我们所说的低质量引用。请看这张图。学生以某物对比某物开头，但我们完全不知道学生在论证什么。x轴和y轴没有任何信息标注。我特意强调这一点，因为大多数学生在这里犯错。所以请大家在拿到报告时务必检查，尤其是图表。一张图应当精确呈现从某一结果到另一结果的对应关系。你提供一些数据，可能是从某处测量得到的，然后据此生成图表。

This is the basic style for generating references. For example, consider equation I-405. This is what you generate — this is the basic style. For your equation, you need to have a reference. But this is also for the reference point that we will find. The point is that the format of the reference here is wrong. Most students do not have experience in writing references. You have to try. Maybe tomorrow or Wednesday I can do a short section talking about the reference.

这是生成参考文献的基本格式。例如，请看公式 I-405。这就是你们需要生成的内容——这是基本格式。对于你们的公式，需要有参考文献。但这也涉及我们之后会找到的引用点。问题在于，这里参考文献的格式是错误的。大多数学生没有撰写参考文献的经验。你们必须尝试。也许明天或周三我可以做一个简短的部分来讲参考文献。

After the discussion and conclusion, the last point is the references. Most of the text we have in here is the same as what you can compare in the cover letter. So from this, we have no idea who writes this report or what the plan is for the cover letters. This is the first common mistake we would like to highlight here: no cover sheet. Then this is the second thing that is all about the report. Look at the outline of the report. You have the introduction, theory, method, results, discussion, conclusion. In the figures, there is also a nice title. Then you have analysis, discussion, conclusion. But the proper text you can compare is the reference. I highlighted them. Do not put the reference in the middle. Any report should have at least one or two references.

在讨论和结论之后，最后一点是参考文献。我们这里的大部分内容与求职信中的格式相同。因此，从这些内容中，我们无法得知是谁撰写了这份报告，也不知道求职信的计划是什么。这是我们想要强调的第一个常见错误：没有封面页。接下来是关于报告的第二点。请看报告的提纲。你应当有引言、理论、方法、结果、讨论、结论。在图表部分，也有一个清晰的标题。然后是分析、讨论、结论。但你应该对比的规范内容是参考文献。我把它们标注出来了。不要把参考文献放在中间位置。任何报告都应至少包含一到两条参考文献。

Page numbers should be shown at the bottom of each page. This is something you need to be careful about when writing reports — the reader should be able to understand the content. There is another mistake commonly found in reports. This is an experiment example from last year with some data. Here you can see there should be a title, then it starts from the Introduction section, followed by the Method section, and here also has a Results section. You can see the figures have titles here, but for the X-Y axes, they are incomplete.

页码应显示在每一页的底部。这是撰写报告时需要注意的事项——读者应当能够理解内容。报告中还有另一个常见错误。这是一个去年的实验示例，包含一些数据。在这里可以看到，应该有一个标题，然后从引言部分开始，接着是方法部分，这里还有一个结果部分。你可以看到图表有标题，但X轴和Y轴的标注是不完整的。

They also want some reports to include an introduction, background, method, and statement. If you have any questions, please raise them after the lecture. These are some tips for paper writing. Another important aspect is writing style. In an English education course, you must be very careful about whether you use active voice or passive voice. The key point is that when you write a report, most experiments are best described in the passive voice.

他们还要求部分报告包含引言、背景、方法和陈述等部分。如有任何问题，请在课后提出。以上是一些论文写作建议。另一个重要方面是写作风格。在英语教育课程中，你必须非常注意使用主动语态还是被动语态。关键点是：撰写报告时，大多数实验最好用被动语态来描述。

The next slide discusses writing the report. When you write a report on your structure, you have a section format like this. The introduction part begins with general rules. In the main section, you introduce the structure. Then you write the remaining three paragraphs.

下一张幻灯片讲的是撰写报告。当你为自己的结构撰写报告时，有如下章节格式。引言部分首先介绍一般规则。在主体部分，你需要介绍该结构。然后撰写其余三个段落。

The UK, which Heriot-Watt is part of, is interested in the whole idea of pressure. It is a good policy. In the UK, there are quite a lot of things happening about pressure.

英国——赫瑞瓦特大学所在的国家——对压力这一概念非常感兴趣。这是一项很好的政策。在英国，围绕压力已经发生了很多事情。

The point is to make sure the reader understands what you are saying. This is especially important for abbreviations. Do not simply write "VAT" on an extract or a bill. VAT stands for Value Added Tax. If you put "VAT" and your price is one thousand dollars, the reader may not understand. So please be sure you use the right abbreviation for your readers. This is one of the common mistakes in writing. On top of that, tables should also suggest the use of...

关键在于确保读者理解你所说的内容。这一点对于缩写尤为重要。不要仅仅在摘要或账单上写"VAT"。VAT是Value Added Tax（增值税）的缩写。如果你写了"VAT"而价格是1000美元，读者可能无法理解。因此，请务必为你的读者使用正确的缩写。这是写作中常见的错误之一。除此之外，表格中也应建议使用……

The unit is Pascal, not meters or fingers. It should show the definition of Pa. Here we can see the x-axis which shows the current, and the y-axis which shows the voltage. A common mistake here is that sometimes people forget to write the current and also include the unit. Always remember what you have in here. The first thing they are showing is a bigger title on the bottom. This is Figure 3. On the main figure it shows the title and error bars.

单位是帕斯卡（Pa），不是米或手指。应显示Pa的定义。这里可以看到x轴表示电流，y轴表示电压。常见的错误是有时人们忘记写出电流并标注单位。务必记住这里应该有什么。他们首先展示的是底部一个较大的标题。这是图3。在主图上显示了标题和误差棒。

Starting from the figures, this is an example. On the right-hand side, there is a table. The table assumes you get this result from a batch of thirty. The first column is the current measured at 0.1 milliamp per unit. The next column is the voltage. This means at 0.1 milliamp, you have 0.1 volt applied. This is the raw data, the measurement data. Here, what you can do is use the table to show the results. As shown on the left-hand side, it represents the probability of m of this measurement.

从图表开始，这是一个示例。右侧有一个表格，该表格假设你从三十次批量模拟中获得此结果。第一列是以每单位0.1毫安测量的电流，下一列是电压。这意味着在0.1毫安时，施加了0.1伏特的电压。这是原始数据，即测量数据。这里你可以使用表格来展示结果。如左侧所示，它表示该测量的概率m。

This is the main important part of your report in this course. As I said, in the future you might only need the cover page, or the first origin part, or even the main text properly and clearly with the procedure. For some reports, you may have details such as well setup situation and future. But here we just give you an overview of the report — what kind of sections we include and what you plan.

这是本课程报告中最主要的部分。正如我之前所说，将来你们可能只需要封面页，或者第一个来源部分，甚至只需要正文部分，把流程写清楚即可。有些报告可能还会包含井位布置情况和未来规划等细节。但在这里，我们只是给大家一个报告的概述——包括哪些章节以及你们的计划。

The paper covers methods, materials, and what kind of equipment you use for the experiment. At a certain point, you use the same method as expected in the experiment. The last part is the conclusion. Normally, it is suggested that students write the main text first, then write the abstract. There are slight differences between the abstract and the conclusion. The abstract is more like an overview of your experiment plus a summary. In the summary, it actually looks at your results and writes about them. So there are slight differences. For the reference, start thinking about the format.

论文涵盖方法、材料以及实验中所使用的设备类型。在某一阶段，你使用与实验预期相同的方法。最后一部分是结论。通常建议学生先写正文，再写摘要。摘要与结论之间存在细微差别。摘要更像是对你实验的概述加上总结。在总结中，它实际上是对你的结果进行审视并加以阐述。因此两者存在细微差异。关于参考文献，开始考虑其格式。

At Heriot-Watt, Scotland, you can think about why you are interested in this topic. This is the main text, the main section in your report. Let us go back to the middle part, the abstract. The abstract is actually a very short summary to show what the topic is already. It is a short summary for your main text. In here, you usually highlight the background — maybe one or two sentences talking about your background, why you are interested in this area or this kind of experiment. The second line is

在赫瑞瓦特，苏格兰，你可以思考为什么你对这个主题感兴趣。这就是正文，报告中的主要部分。让我们回到中间部分——摘要。摘要实际上是一个非常简短的总结，用来展示你的主题是什么。它是正文的简短概述。在这里，你通常需要突出背景——可能用一到两句话介绍你的背景，说明你为什么对这个领域或这类实验感兴趣。第二行是

Alright, then the results. I already talked about the results and figures. Lots of students make a mistake: they do not highlight new things in the next slide. Overall, you have already mentioned experiments, you have mentioned cost, memory, time, and so on. Then the tricky part is the discussion. This is sometimes a secret that students do not understand—the results and the discussion. What kind of results would you like to discuss? Basically, my suggestion is to have a comparison between your results and others'. That is one thing you can discuss. The second thing is also to compare your results with the theory. If you find some difference between the experiment and the theory—

好，接下来是结果部分。我之前已经讲过结果和图表了。很多学生会犯一个错误：他们没有在下一张幻灯片中突出新的内容。总体来说，你已经提到了实验、成本、内存、时间等等。然后比较棘手的是讨论部分。这有时是学生不太理解的地方——结果与讨论之间的关系。你想讨论什么样的结果？我的基本建议是，将你的结果与他人的结果进行比较。这是你可以讨论的第一点。第二点是将你的结果与理论进行比较。如果你在实验和理论之间发现了一些差异——

We will move to the Results part. In the Results part, the general thing is figures. That is the main part, and we will be mainly concentrating on generating the figures. And the second one is the table. I think at this point we will mostly have tables, and that includes equations as well. The next slide will talk about the first general experiment—how to start, why you do this experiment, what kind of experiment it is, and why you design it that way. So this is talking about the first general experiment after the previous part. And all this—you need to write everything in detail for the team.

我们接下来进入结果部分。在结果部分，主要内容是图表，这是核心部分，我们将主要集中于生成图表。第二部分是表格，到这一步我们大部分会是表格，其中也包括公式。下一张幻灯片将讨论第一个总体实验——如何开始、为什么做这个实验、这是什么类型的实验、以及为什么这样设计。所以这里讲的是前一部分之后的第一个总体实验。所有这些内容，你都需要为团队详细地写出来。

The introduction section basically discusses the background of your experiment or report. This includes the theory. You want to show what people before you have done—for example, researchers in previous years who demonstrated experiments and successfully showed certain effects. The theory section covers their prior work, and of course, whether the experiment has similar targets or perhaps similar results. Another key element in the introduction is to highlight your novelty: what is new about your work compared to previous reports. All of this should be included in the text.

引言部分主要讨论你的实验或报告的背景。这包括理论部分。你需要展示前人已经做了什么——例如，前几年那些成功演示了实验并展示了某些效果的研究者。理论部分涵盖他们之前的工作，当然也包括该实验是否具有相似的目标或可能相似的结果。引言中的另一个关键要素是突出你的新颖性：与之前的报告相比，你的工作有什么新之处。所有这些内容都应包含在正文中。

At least include a table of contents. Which parts should appear in the table of contents? Various basic information can be placed on the cover sheet. Of course, some students also use fancy pictures or other elements. Make your report look reasonable and professional. Do not put casual pictures in the report; at least use proper covers to start the report. Regarding the abstract, we will discuss it later. Normally, I suggest students write the abstract at the end. Now let us go to the main text. The main text is the main part of your report. In this section, we also suggest students divide it into several sections. For example, we can start from...

至少应包含一个目录。哪些部分应出现在目录中？各种基本信息可以放在封面上。当然，有些同学还会使用花哨的图片或其他元素。要让报告看起来合理且专业。不要在报告中放随意的图片，至少要使用规范的封面来开始报告。关于摘要，我们稍后再讨论。通常我建议学生最后再写摘要。现在来看正文。正文是报告的主体部分。在这一部分，我们也建议学生将其划分为若干小节。例如，我们可以从……开始。

This is the experiment you write about. Do not include references in your report; at the very least, if you wish to, you may add them. Now let us go back to the first part — the cover page. The cover page should include the very basic information: the title of the experiment, the goal of your experiment, and what you need for this report. Here you also put your department and year, for example, ECE, Year One. The most important item is the date. This date is your report time or your experiment time, and also the deadline.

这就是你要撰写实验报告的内容。报告中不要包含参考文献；至少，如果你愿意，可以加上。现在让我们回到第一部分——封面。封面应包含最基本的信息：实验标题、实验目标，以及本报告所需的内容。在这里你还要填写院系和年级，例如，ECE，一年级。最重要的一项是日期。这个日期是你的报告时间或实验时间，同时也是截止日期。

Then we split the whole report into different sections. This is a very basic report structure. In the future, when it comes to results, we will focus on the whole section—from the cover sheet to the abstract to the main text, and the last one is the references. Based on my experience, the references part is maybe the trickiest part for those who have no experience. The easy part is going to read some different styles of references: Harvard reference style, Vancouver reference style, and IEEE reference style.

然后我们将整份报告拆分为不同的部分。这是一个非常基础的报告结构。将来在涉及结果时，我们会关注整个部分——从封面页到摘要到正文，最后一部分是参考文献。根据我的经验，对于没有经验的人来说，参考文献部分可能是最棘手的部分。容易的部分是去阅读不同风格的参考文献：哈佛引用格式、温哥华引用格式和IEEE引用格式。

The next point, as I already mentioned, relates to consuming the research. For those unfamiliar with the topic, you can write an introduction section that covers the basic theory. Here we are going to discuss cell research.

下一个要点，正如我之前提到的，涉及对研究内容的消化理解。对于不太熟悉该主题的同学，你可以撰写一个引言部分来涵盖基础理论。接下来我们将讨论细胞研究。

Every year we provide a list of how reports should be structured—whether it is a new-term document, a meeting summary after the holiday, or any other type of report. The first thing we elaborate on is how to write a report. Regarding objectives: in our report we examine cases together with students. The objective of the report is to introduce someone else's work. Here we will teach you the system—what you have done, the methods used, and what the results are.

每年我们都会提供一份报告结构清单——无论是新学期文件、假期后的会议摘要，还是其他类型的报告。我们首先详细讲解的是如何撰写报告。关于目标：在我们的报告中，我们会与学生一起分析案例。报告的目的是介绍他人的工作。在这里，我们将教你这套体系——你做了什么、使用了什么方法、结果是什么。

Having special results — important results. Last time I mentioned that we found some people making up results. This is a very common mistake. So that is what we are missing; this is the important part. The last point is professional language. When you write a report, consider what kind of language to use. Your personal tutor or your friend may allow informal words, but here we are professional. If you write a scientific paper or report — for example, PhD students writing a report with numbers — you should not use informal words. This is why you need to gain experience: read, try to read other people's reports or papers.

拥有特殊的结果——重要的结果。上次我提到，我们发现有些人捏造结果，这是非常常见的错误。所以这正是我们所欠缺的，也是关键所在。最后一点是专业语言。当你撰写报告时，要考虑使用什么样的语言。你的私人导师或朋友可能允许你使用非正式用语，但在这里我们是专业的。如果你撰写科学论文或报告——例如博士生撰写包含数据的报告——就不应使用非正式用语。这就是你需要积累经验的原因：去阅读，尝试阅读他人的报告或论文。

We are not looking for perfectly constructed sentences, but rather how you make your sentences read well and have good structure. The third point is about convincing your readers. Basically, it is restating your concept, your reference, or your experimental procedure so that you make your readers understand your experiment and also understand what point you are trying to convey to them.

我们并不追求完美无瑕的句子构造，而是关注如何让句子读起来流畅、结构良好。第三点是关于说服你的读者。本质上，就是重新阐述你的概念、参考文献或实验流程，使读者理解你的实验，同时也理解你试图向他们传达的核心观点。

That's what you want to know if you are applying to the university, and that's the reason you need to take this lab report. So somehow you need to show yourself in a good way. Then next point is readable. So when you write a report, the general rule is you can think about the report is not for the expert. Sometimes maybe you can think about you write this for your sister or your friends who has no experience in your electronic design or whatever this project is, they have no experience. So readable is one thing, and it's also related to the language. So the whole work we are doing here should be in English. So I think you guys already have the English thoughts to prepare the Heriot-Watt test. So you combine this one and your English thoughts together, and this is finally the Heriot-Watt writing test. We are more focused on the technical part.

这就是你申请大学时需要了解的，也是你需要完成这份实验报告的原因。你需要以某种方式展现自己好的一面。下一个要点是可读性。当你撰写报告时，一般原则是你要意识到报告并非面向专家。你可以想象自己在为没有电子设计经验或对该项目毫无经验的姐妹或朋友写作。可读性是一个方面，它也与语言相关。我们在这里做的所有工作都应该用英语完成。我想你们已经具备了英语思维来准备赫瑞瓦特的测试。将这一点与你的英语思维结合起来，这就是赫瑞瓦特的写作测试。我们更侧重于技术部分。

For lab report writing, this is typically assigned after an experiment. You produce some writing, and this can be used for various purposes — for your lecturer or for other colleagues to understand what you have done. The first thing is that you need to present the results clearly, so that even non-experts in your area can understand the process you followed. This is quite useful. You need to think about how to describe the experiment in detail, but of course you should not include too much information, because that makes no sense.

关于实验报告写作，这通常是在实验完成后布置的任务。你需要撰写一些文字材料，这些材料可以用于多种目的——供你的讲师或其他同事了解你所做的工作。首先，你需要清晰地呈现结果，使得即使是你所在领域的非专业人士也能理解你所遵循的过程。这是非常有用的。你需要思考如何详细描述实验过程，但当然不应包含过多信息，因为那样毫无意义。

You can write your email address here. If you have any questions about this material, just email me. I normally respond promptly, so there is no time to be missed. I am happy to help you with the course and this module.

你们可以在这里写下邮箱地址。如果对这部分内容有任何疑问，直接给我发邮件即可。我通常会及时回复，所以不会耽误时间。我很乐意在课程和本模块上为大家提供帮助。

If you have no questions about all of this, we will take a 15-minute break. When we come back, we will go over everything up to Chapter 2.

如果大家对这些内容没有问题，我们将休息15分钟。回来后我们会复习到第二章的全部内容。

I would like to highlight for the campus. There is lots of reading material available here, so please have a look at what we would like to see, especially for the lectures. This is the overview of this course—how we design this course. Also have a look at the information there. Any questions about the assessment criteria?

我想就校园方面做一下重点说明。这里提供了大量阅读材料，请大家务必查看我们对课堂讲授的具体要求。以上是本课程的总体介绍，包括课程的设计思路。也请浏览那里的相关信息。关于考核标准，大家有什么问题吗？

Otherwise, when we come out of the marking, you will sometimes find Word documents that have an issue, and then you will get zero marks. So please submit all of your assessments the same as PDF. Do not submit Word or Excel or anything else. PDF is the best format to open and download.

否则，在评分时，我们有时会发现Word文档存在问题，那样你就会得到零分。所以请将所有作业统一以PDF格式提交，不要提交Word或Excel或其他任何格式。PDF是最佳格式，便于打开和下载。

For the report submission, I think I already explained this last time. Another thing is, I know you guys maybe use different software to write your report. For us, I recommend you to use Microsoft 365. You guys can maybe use WPS or some local software. The point is, because you guys are Heriot-Watt students, Microsoft 365 is free. You don't need to pay anything. Actually, you can use it to write all this extra benefit for you guys. So try to use Microsoft if you want. It is free. For the submission, the thing I highlighted is: do not submit the Word document. Just please save it as a PDF.

关于报告提交，我想我上次已经解释过了。另外一点是，我知道大家可能使用不同的软件来撰写报告。对我们来说，我推荐使用 Microsoft 365。大家也可以用 WPS 或其他本地软件。关键是，因为你们是赫瑞瓦特的学生，Microsoft 365 是免费的，你们不需要支付任何费用。实际上，你们可以用它来撰写所有内容，这是给你们的额外福利。所以如果你们愿意，请尝试使用 Microsoft，它是免费的。关于提交，我强调的一点是：不要提交 Word 文档，请务必另存为 PDF 格式。

Here are the reading materials. This is just to show you what the assessment entails. In the beginning, we do not want you to be confused. There is some progress to be made. Please check out these materials after the lectures. Later, we will start with the individual report. This section covers the lecture content; the next section is the assessment. So this is the assessment of the course — please review the full document. I have already published six assessments. One component is for the research and presentation, where you upload the presentation. The remaining five or six components are to be uploaded this week. For example, the level one...

以下是阅读材料。这里只是向大家展示考核的具体内容。在课程初期，我们不希望同学们感到困惑。目前已有部分进展。请在课后查阅这些材料。之后我们将开始个人报告的环节。本部分是讲座内容，下一部分是考核说明。这是本课程的考核安排，请同学们仔细审阅完整文件。我已经发布了六项考核。其中一项是研究与展示，需要上传演示文稿。其余五到六项需要在本周内提交。例如，第一级……

This is my version of Hammers because the lecturer installed another Hammers. You may have seen the Ocean University. So the title here is going to be Ocean University. In here I have uploaded all the information. I hope you guys can look and check whether you already see the information for the module. This page includes from the first part to Week Two, Lab Two. All the information will be inside, including the lab four days, cross information, and lecturers.

这是我的 Hammers 版本，因为讲师安装了另一个 Hammers。你们可能已经看到了 Ocean University。所以这里的标题将是 Ocean University。在这里我已经上传了所有信息。希望你们能查看并确认是否已经看到该模块的信息。此页面包含从第一部分到第二周、实验二的内容。所有信息都在里面，包括四次实验的安排、交叉信息以及讲师信息。

The report is due on the 18th. By this date, we will have finished all midterm submissions. Is this clear? This is the official Heriot-Watt format.

报告截止日期为18号。到该日期，我们将完成所有期中提交的作业。这一点清楚吗？这是赫瑞瓦特的官方格式。

The next one is IC. The deadline for IC is 30th November. You will write maybe two or three pages showing your IC results. The last part is Lab 2, which is due in Week 2. In Week 2 we will have Lab 1 — function generator. Hopefully you prepared your equipment last year; some of you had failures. Everyone must be here. On Monday and Tuesday we have Lab 1. On Thursday we have two lectures. Monday is four hours — that will be Lab 1 experiment, two parts. After that, if you submit...

下一个是IC，截止日期是11月30日。你们需要写两到三页展示IC结果。最后一部分是Lab 2，在第二周截止。第二周我们会有Lab 1——函数发生器。希望你们去年已经准备好了设备，有些人之前出现过故障。所有人都必须到场。周一和周二进行Lab 1，周四有两节课。周一是四个小时，进行Lab 1实验，分两部分。之后如果你们提交……

We will cover the PPT next week. Proper preparation requires one hour of reading and three hours of writing. On Wednesday we will do the research and presentation. You will each generate one PPT to write up, and I will upload the list in Canvas by Wednesday. The key point I want to highlight is the presentation: it will take place next Wednesday and Friday. However, today we will try to finish all presentations within two hours by dividing you into three groups. This means you must have your presentation prepared before next Wednesday.

下周我们将覆盖PPT的内容。充分的准备需要一小时的阅读和三小时的写作。周三我们将进行研究汇报。你们每人需要生成一份PPT进行撰写，我会在周三之前将名单上传到Canvas。我想强调的重点是汇报环节：汇报安排在下周三和下周五。不过今天我们会尝试在两个小时内完成所有汇报，将你们分成三组。这意味着你们必须在下周三之前完成汇报的准备。

The testing schedule is as follows. The next day, we test the first batch, who will receive post-instruction. Then we test the second batch. After a break, we come back for Day One, which includes the first report and the first lecture. On the right-hand side, in the last column, you will find the deadlines. The deadlines are very important. On the left-hand side, we have the date and time. Tomorrow, we will...

测试安排如下。第二天，我们对第一批学生进行测试，他们将接受课后指导。然后测试第二批。休息之后，我们回来进行第一天的内容，包括第一份报告和第一堂讲座。在右侧最后一列是截止日期，截止日期非常重要。左侧是日期和时间。明天我们将……

Here we have the distinction between different tasks. How are you going to prepare? If you have any questions, just send an email to us. This is basically a task introduction.

这里我们区分了不同的任务。你们打算如何准备？如果有任何问题，直接给我们发邮件即可。这基本上是一个任务介绍。

After three years, this course has been confirmed. You will see some books related to Heriot-Watt, and there is a poster from a workshop that is already established here. The last thing I want to highlight is the information for this course. As I mentioned, we have four people to deliver this course. The first coordinator is Professor Kaihua Wang, who is based in Edinburgh and is responsible for delivering this course. In fact, we have many people delivering this course every year, and there is a panel. If you have any feedback or want to discuss this course, you can contact Professor Kaihua Wang via email.

经过三年时间，这门课程已经得到确认。你们会看到一些与赫瑞瓦特相关的书籍，还有一张来自工作坊的海报，这些都已经在这里确立。我想强调的最后一件事是这门课程的相关信息。正如我之前提到的，我们有四个人来教授这门课程。第一位协调人是Kaihua Wang教授，他位于爱丁堡，负责讲授这门课程。实际上，我们每年有很多人参与这门课程的教学，并且有一个专家组。如果你们有任何反馈或想讨论这门课程，可以通过邮件联系Kaihua Wang教授。

Check your Heriot-Watt account and go to Campus. Everything should be online. If you have not seen it, please let me know. Especially for assistants—you can submit your assistant application in Campus. Announcements: if you find we will not use that, you can just send me an email. My email address is on the first page. Most information is already up online. The most important one is the assistant position. Please have a look. I do not want that, before the deadline, you come to see me and say you do not have the assistant position, because I will go back to the UK after week two, and then there will be a time difference. So please, if you have any problem, come to see me as soon as possible. And for the laboratory, actually the assistant...

请检查你的赫瑞瓦特账户并登录Campus系统。所有内容都应已上线。如果你没有看到相关信息，请告知我。尤其是助教——你可以在Campus系统中提交助教申请。关于公告：如果你发现我们不会使用那个渠道，可以直接给我发邮件。我的邮箱地址在第一页上。大部分信息已经上线了。其中最重要的是助教职位。请务必查看。我不希望在截止日期之前你来找我，说你没有获得助教职位，因为我第二周之后就会回英国，届时会有时差。所以如果你有任何问题，请尽快来找我。至于实验室，实际上助教……

How does an LED work in a circuit? They have a red LED and a green LED. How do they work? What are their properties? We can compare the two LEDs. The important part is the campus Wi-Fi. If you can already access the campus Wi-Fi, it is working fine. After the lecture, please check whether the campus Wi-Fi is working for this course. I have already published everything online.

LED在电路中如何工作？这里有红色LED和绿色LED。它们是如何工作的？有什么特性？我们可以比较这两种LED。重要的是校园Wi-Fi。如果你已经能连接校园Wi-Fi，说明它运行正常。课后请检查校园Wi-Fi是否能为本课程正常使用。所有内容我已经发布到网上了。

The images show how to test after you separate the circuit — the vertical and the soldering. You can see there are a lot of components to test on the PCB board. On the right-hand side, there is a white part. The white part is basically for the motherboard, to test your circuit before you put it on the PCB board. In my part, I will be doing test one or two when you are building your circuit. You have an LED — the white thing is the LED — just the power supply, resistors to test. It is quite interesting to compare because last year, just one group actually completely finished very quickly. They did not have problems with their circuit.

这些图片展示了在分离电路之后如何进行测试——包括垂直方向和焊接部分。你可以看到PCB板上有许多需要测试的元件。右侧有一个白色部分，这个白色部分基本上用于主板，在你把电路放到PCB板上之前先进行测试。在我的部分，我会在你搭建电路时进行测试一或测试二。你有一个LED——白色的那个就是LED——还有电源、电阻需要测试。对比起来很有意思，因为去年只有一个小组实际上非常快地完成了，他们的电路没有问题。

I am at Heriot-Watt. On the left, the big screen shows the software. The software project started in 2017. I have been working on this project for many years and have some experience. I care about the structure and the form of the class.

我就职于赫瑞瓦特大学。左边的大屏幕上显示的是软件界面。这个软件项目始于2017年。我在这个项目上已经工作了很多年，积累了一些经验。我关注的是课程的结构和形式。

As I said, there is no right-hand side of the combination; we have a final calculation based on the combination of the left-hand side. On the left-hand side, there is a resistor; in the middle, there is a resistor; and at the bottom, there is a resistor. This is one of the examples we will do for this week, and it is the best example for IC. On the right-hand side, there is a PCB board. We got a start—there are quite a lot of resistors in parallel to the car wire. One thing is that, with the EMI part, we will teach you how to read the resistor value from the code on the car wire, which is on the left-hand side; there is some color code. And we also have the chip here, and the capacitance here. The bottom part we will talk about later.

正如我所说，组合的右侧没有对应部分；我们基于左侧的组合进行最终计算。左侧有一个电阻，中间有一个电阻，底部也有一个电阻。这是我们本周要做的例子之一，也是关于集成电路最好的例子。右侧是一块PCB板。我们从一个起点开始——有大量电阻与车线并联。有一点是，在EMI部分，我们会教你如何从车线上的编码读取电阻值，它在左侧，有一些色码。这里还有芯片，这里还有电容。底部部分我们稍后再讲。

This is my part of the marking — the last 5%. The top 2% will have an additional 5%, and everyone will have another 5%. This is the standard approach we follow. All of this applies to computer science, but you will need to submit a final report at the end.

这是我负责的部分——最后5%的评分。排名前2%的学生将额外获得5%，所有学生还将再获得5%。这是我们遵循的标准做法。以上内容均适用于计算机科学，但你们需要在期末提交一份最终报告。

Next, after the class, you can find the file in Moodle in the second week. After you have the meals, we would like you to practice more and switch on the examination. The third one—I think you guys get a nice mark on the English writing course. Now we would like to see people speaking clearly. We test here. After the lab session, you guys will hand in two reports, either written in pairs, and ten days after the lab session. I believe you guys have enough time to submit your report.

接下来，课后你们可以在Moodle上找到第二周的文件。用餐之后，我们希望大家多加练习，打开考试系统。第三点——我认为你们在英语写作课上能取得不错的成绩。现在我们希望看到大家清晰地表达。我们在这里进行测试。实验课结束后，你们需要提交两份报告，可以两人一组完成，时间为实验课后十天内。我相信你们有足够的时间提交报告。

We will check on campus later. The next slide covers the two reports. The first point I want to highlight is that when you write your reports, please have the lab section on time. If you do not have the experimental data or lab results captured, your report will be very bad. In the last two years, there were some students who made up their results. Unfortunately, our teaching assistants found them all. So do not make up your data. There are two labs. The first one is using an oscilloscope to measure the voltage and current. I think Dr. Xu…

我们稍后会在校园里进行检查。下一张幻灯片涉及两份报告。我想强调的第一点是，撰写报告时，请务必按时完成实验部分。如果没有获取到实验数据或实验结果，你的报告质量会非常差。过去两年中，有一些学生编造了实验结果。不幸的是，我们的助教全部发现了。所以不要编造数据。共有两个实验。第一个实验是使用示波器测量电压和电流。我想许博士……

The last point is IT. After we provide you with the information, you can also search online and use ST to summarize the knowledge you obtain from this distribution. That is our understanding of IT—it is an IT-based approach, and we have seen many students adopt it.

最后一点是信息技术（IT）。在我们提供信息之后，你们也可以在线搜索并使用ST来总结从该分布中获取的知识。这就是我们对IT的理解——它是一种基于信息技术的方法，我们已经看到很多学生采用了这种方式。

The next part of the history is the presentation. Every year we plan to spend a year at the new campus, Heriot-Watt. Last year, the students who attended the orientation reported that we gathered some useful ideas. This year is quite impressive because more students have applied. The point is that we will be doing three-minute presentations. Those presentations will be very interesting, as there are lots of students involved. If I allocate five minutes per group across three groups, I will then discuss with the whole lecture, which is divided into three groups.

历史的下一部分是展示环节。每年我们都计划在新校区赫瑞瓦特度过一年。去年，参加迎新活动的学生反馈说我们收集到了一些有用的想法。今年相当令人印象深刻，因为申请的学生更多了。重点是我们将进行三分钟的展示。由于参与的学生很多，这些展示将会非常有趣。如果我给三个小组各分配五分钟，然后我会与整个课堂进行讨论，课堂被分为三个小组。

On the left-hand side is showing the AC1 to AC4. For each level from AC1, you guys will have word documents or lab reports on the test site. So just be careful—this is a test site, not just a report. There will also be an introduction of the assessment sheet. AC1 is the Personal Development Plan. I think it is the most interesting part—taking care of yourself. We would like to give you word documents to think about what you are about to do, what you are about to achieve, and also make a plan to improve your personal skills. This is included in the Other Skills section. Is this fine?

左侧显示的是AC1到AC4。从AC1开始，每个级别你们都会有Word文档或实验报告在测试站点上。请注意，这是一个测试站点，而不仅仅是一份报告。还会有评估表的介绍。AC1是个人发展计划。我认为这是最有趣的部分——照顾好自己。我们希望给你们提供Word文档，让你们思考即将做什么、即将达成什么，并制定计划来提升个人技能。这部分包含在其他技能板块中。这样可以吗？

I actually read one of the documents prepared for the class. I took some pictures of the paper. I cannot find the paper right now, but at least I have read it. The last section from the Week 3 and Week 5 readings—I believe it is Week 4—requires you to read the last section before Saturday. It is from Heriot-Watt University. All right. So this is one of the assessments of the exam.

我确实阅读了为这门课准备的一份文档。我拍了一些论文的照片。我现在找不到那份论文了，但至少我已经读过了。第3周和第5周的阅读材料中的最后一节——我记得是第4周——要求你们在周六之前读完最后一节。它来自赫瑞瓦特大学。好的。所以这是考试评估的一部分。

The last slide covered rules—formal or operational rules. There are two levels: level one and level two. Of the fourteen rules, one to three belong to level one, and the remaining belong to level two.

上一张幻灯片介绍的是规则——形式规则或操作规则。规则分为两个层级：第一层级和第二层级。十四条规则中，第一到第三条属于第一层级，其余属于第二层级。

Next point is identification of the circuit. This type involves resistors, capacitors, and inductors. After that, we use the oscilloscope to measure the electrical current and voltage. This is the kind of example we have at Heriot-Watt because it is a very useful skill in practice.

下一个要点是电路的识别。这类电路涉及电阻器、电容器和电感器。之后，我们使用示波器测量电流和电压。这正是我们在赫瑞瓦特大学所采用的实例，因为这在实践中是一项非常有用的技能。

The second point concerns students' performance in a research environment, particularly regarding employees. This is based on a paper published after three to four years of research, which discusses specific findings about student conditions in a research environment over five years at Heriot-Watt. The first point addressed students' high school background.

第二点涉及学生在研究环境中的表现，尤其是与员工相关的内容。该论点基于一篇经过三至四年研究后发表的论文，其中讨论了赫瑞瓦特大学五年间学生在研究环境中的具体状况。第一点则涉及学生的高中背景。

The other thing is, unfortunately, I don't know why the lecturers organize their course from 8 a.m. to 11 a.m. They think it is just organized by the deadline. And also, they organize the course in two hours per day. And one of the things was organized like that for the space with the laptop next to the...

另一件事是，不幸的是，我不知道为什么讲师们把课程安排在上午8点到11点。他们认为这只是按截止日期来安排的。而且，他们每天把课程安排为两小时。其中有一件事是这样安排的，关于笔记本电脑旁边的空间……

This is an overview of the course we deliver. This course has already been running for four to five years. We also have a guest lecturer, Dr. Wang. The course is divided into different parts. We have a partner lecturer in China who has a cooperation program in Xi'an. So we have four campuses delivering courses in person. This is one of the key courses in the university.

这是我们所授课程的概览。该课程已开设四到五年。我们还有一位客座讲师王博士。课程分为不同部分。我们在中国有一位合作讲师，在西安有合作项目。因此我们有四个校区以面授形式授课。这是大学的核心课程之一。

The next slide is a more complex one, covering the master's program pathway from finishing high school to university. One notable point is that Heriot-Watt has a program that was discontinued but remains very popular in South Korea, particularly in the field of networking. This is the first component. The next one is the software module. We will provide you with a list of software that you are expected to learn during your third year in design.

下一张幻灯片较为复杂，涵盖了从高中毕业到大学的硕士课程路径。值得注意的是，赫瑞瓦特有一个已停办但在韩国仍然非常受欢迎的项目，尤其是在网络领域。这是第一个部分。接下来是软件模块。我们将提供一份软件清单，供你们在设计专业三年级时学习。

There are lots of professional organizations around the world. You can join these organizations. Being a member of a professional organization can help with your career. The key thing is that you can be a member of the organization as a student. After graduation, you can become a full member.

全世界有很多专业组织。你们可以加入这些组织。成为专业组织的成员有助于你的职业发展。关键在于，你可以在学生阶段就成为该组织的成员。毕业后，你可以成为正式会员。

This year we have quite a lot of students. The plan is to invite two speakers. We might need help from local lecturers to mark the work. There is a library at Heriot-Watt University where students will have access to materials. They want to provide information about the course. This is the first course in English at Heriot-Watt. The presentation materials are available.

今年我们的学生数量相当多。计划是邀请两位演讲者。我们可能需要本地讲师协助批改作业。赫瑞瓦特大学设有图书馆，学生可以在那里获取相关资料。他们希望提供有关本课程的信息。这是赫瑞瓦特大学第一门以英语授课的课程。演示材料已可供使用。