英国老头转录

I'm a scientist. And there's the School of Engineering and Physical Sciences. So, your teacher who's currently here, from Harry Potter's, Paul Chen, he is from the School of Engineering and Physical Sciences. And you will have other teachers next semester as well. from the School of Mathematics and Computer Science.

我是一名科学家。还有工程与物理科学学院。那么，现在在座的这位老师，来自《哈利·波特》的保罗·陈，他也是来自工程与物理科学学院。下学期你们还会有其他老师。他们来自数学与计算机科学学院。

So you are students of both schools. When you come to year four, you can choose to do final year project with either of these schools. So if over the next three years, you have more fun doing hardware-related things, or sensor-related things or embedded systems-related things, then you will be doing your final year project with EPS. If you're more into programming, AI, machine learning, or even human robotics, which is something that I'm teaching, then you would be doing your final year project with myx afterwards. But there's a long time until we have to decide on all of this. and you will be able to choose. But just to give you an idea, you are members of two schools. So you're not just members of two universities, but you're also members of two schools within one of the universities.

所以，你们同时是这两个学院的学生。到了大四，你们可以选择做毕业设计，由这两个学院中的任何一个来指导。所以，如果在接下来的三年里，你们更喜欢做硬件相关的事情，或者传感器、嵌入式系统方面的内容，那么你们将属于EPS的毕业设计项目。如果你们更倾向于编程、人工智能、机器学习，甚至是人机机器人，也就是我正在教授的内容，那么你们的毕业设计将由Myx来负责。不过，距离我们需要决定这些还有一段时间。你们到时候会有选择的机会。不过，先给大家一个概念：你们是两个学院的成员。所以，你们不仅属于两所大学，在其中一所大学里，还分属两个不同的学院。

At any rate, because you are officially on a robotics program, in the UK, I know here in China it's more of a general computer science program. but for us, it's more of a robotics-related program. And you might be wanting to do something with robotics later on. because you learn a lot about it. So you might be able to work at the National Robotarium in Edinburgh, which has been opened in 2022. where we have lots of robots for you to play with and do your final year projects with. So just for you to get excited about already.

无论如何，因为你们正式就读的是机器人专业，在英国，我知道在中国，这更像是一个通用的计算机科学专业。但对我们来说，它更偏向于机器人相关的项目。而且，你们以后可能也想从事与机器人相关的工作。因为你们会学到很多这方面的知识。所以，你们也许能在爱丁堡的国家机器人中心工作，那里刚刚成立。时间是2022年。那里有很多机器人供你们使用，也可以用来做你们的毕业设计。所以，先让大家兴奋一下吧。

And just to introduce myself a little bit, and if you've not seen a man in kilts yet, that was me at my wedding. That is not what I look like when I teach. But this is the traditional Scottish kilt. So you will see a lot of men in skirts. welcome to Edinburgh.

接下来，简单介绍一下我自己。如果大家还没见过穿苏格兰裙的人，那就是我，那是我婚礼上的样子。但这不是我上课时的样子。不过，这确实是传统的苏格兰短裙。所以，你们会看到很多穿裙子的男人。欢迎来到爱丁堡。

I'm the global program director. There's Chenjia who is your deputy director, and we both teach. Artificial intelligence for you in year three. And there's Keith. Keith is based in the School of EPS. And that will be important later on when you come to the UK in year four. For now, it's mainly me and Chen that you have.

我是这个全球项目的负责人。还有陈佳，她是你们的副项目负责人。我们俩都会授课。大三的时候，你们会学习人工智能。还有基思。他在EPS学院工作。这一点在你们大四来到英国时非常重要。目前，主要和我以及陈佳在一起。

I'm teaching in year four, by the way, so I won't be coming here to teach. you will be taught in the first three years. But you will see me in year four. You'll see a lot of me in year four.

顺便说一下，我负责给大四的学生上课，所以我不会来这里授课。前三年的课程会有其他老师教。不过，大四的时候你们会见到我。大四的时候，你们会经常见到我。

And if you really want to, and if you ask me very nicely, maybe I'll come to the school and visit as well.

如果你们真的想，而且态度非常诚恳地请求我，我也许会去学校拜访一下。

And just to give you a brief idea, I will share the slides with you as well. I will send them all to Xinyuan and Jingyang. and will forward them to you. So you don't need to remember all of this, but you can look at the slides. So, if you have any issues with anything that is Harry and Bond related, this is the main email address to look at. So this is Steven. Steven might have been in contact with you. if you have problems with enrollment already, you can always contact Steven. otherwise, you can contact me.

为了让大家有个大致的了解，我也会把幻灯片分享给你们。我会把它们发给欣妍和景阳。然后他们会转发给你们。所以大家不需要记住所有这些内容，但可以查看幻灯片。那么，如果大家对哈利·波特相关的内容有任何疑问，可以查看这个主要的邮箱地址。这位是史蒂文。他可能已经和你们联系过了。如果你们在注册方面遇到了问题，可以随时联系史蒂文。否则，也可以联系我。

But one thing I want to ask you all is please read your Harry and Bond email. We know you use WeChat, we know you use your own UC email, mainly while you're here. But please, once a month, check your Harry and Bond email. at least. Right? Once a week would be better. Because we might send you something that you need.

不过，我想请大家注意一点，那就是，请务必阅读你们的哈利·波特邮箱。我们知道你们用微信，也知道你们用自己的UC邮箱，但在这里期间，主要还是用那个邮箱。不过，请大家每个月至少检查一次哈利·波特邮箱。至少这样。对吧？最好是一周检查一次。因为我们可能会给你们发送一些信息，你们是需要知道的。

And in the past, we had a lot of students who did not check their email, they missed deadlines. And it was a bit of an issue. We managed to solve it. But it helps us a lot if you do.

过去有很多学生没有查看邮箱，结果错过了截止日期。这确实是个问题。不过后来我们解决了。但如果大家能按时查看，对我们帮助会很大。

You all know that you will have to come to Edinburgh, right? That's not a surprise to anybody.

大家都知道你们必须来爱丁堡，对吧？这一点大家都不意外。

Good. So at the moment you're here, there's lots of time until you have to come to Edinburgh. But you are already Harry Potter students. you are already taught by Harry Potter teachers. So there's nothing that's going to change. over the next three years. But this is what we're working towards, right? I want you to all come to Edinburgh in year four. And this is why I want to give you a few tips. in this presentation on how to do this. And reading your email is the first thing.

很好。现在你们在这里，距离去爱丁堡还有很长一段时间。不过，你们已经是哈利·波特的学生了。已经有哈利·波特的老师来教你们了。所以，一切都不会改变。在接下来的三年里。但这就是我们努力的目标，对吧？我希望你们大四的时候都能来爱丁堡。所以，我想给大家一些建议。在这次的演讲中。首先，就是阅读你的电子邮件。

At the moment you already have block teaching, so you know what it is. Block teaching is hard. you will know that already. They have lots of condensed lectures and labs. You have to be at uni for long hours. You have to listen to the same person for a long time every day. And you have to do a lot of work. over a short period of time.

目前你们已经实行了集中授课，所以应该知道这是什么了。集中授课很难。这一点你们已经体会到了。课程和实验都非常紧凑。你们必须在学校待很长时间。每天都要听同一个人讲很久的课。而且要做很多作业。而且都是在很短的时间内完成的。

So, the main point about block teaching to keep in mind is to be there and ask right? they are your teachers. At some point, we'll go back to the UK. And then it makes it much harder to ask so my first tip after reading your email is if it is block teaching, make 100% sure that you come to uni if you can. ask questions to the lecturer while they're here. because otherwise it makes it harder to contact them. if you have any questions about the course, if you have any questions about a course work, about exams, make sure to talk to the teacher. and they will love talking to you as well. all of us are here to teach you. all of us are here because we want to help you learn. and all of us are happy to talk to you. and answer any question. So you don't have to be shy. if you think my English is not good enough, that doesn't matter. we're very patient. we wait for you. we are happy to use translation apps. on your phone or whatever. we're here to help you. So please come and ask us. and make sure that you come to the block teaching.

所以，关于集中授课，需要记住的一点是：一定要到场，并且要主动提问。对吧？他们是你们的老师。过一段时间，我们会回到英国。到那时候，提问就会困难得多。所以，我的第一个建议是：在看完邮件之后，如果是集中授课的话，一定要尽最大努力确保能去学校。趁老师还在的时候，向他们提问。因为否则的话，以后就很难联系到他们了。如果你对课程有任何疑问，或者对作业有任何问题，或者关于考试的问题，一定要去找老师沟通。他们也很乐意和你交流。我们所有人都在这里，就是为了教你。我们都在这里，是因为我们想帮助你学习。我们也很乐意和你交谈。并解答你的任何问题。所以，你不必害羞。如果你觉得我的英语不够好，那也没关系。我们非常有耐心。我们会等你。我们也很乐意使用翻译软件。不管是用手机还是其他工具。我们在这里就是为了帮助你。所以，请大胆地来问我们吧。同时，一定要确保参加集中授课。

So, the secret to success is be there, ask questions, read your Harriet Watt email and Canvas announcement. Does everybody know what Canvas is?

所以，成功的秘诀就是：一定要到场，多提问，还要查看Harriet Watt的邮件和Canvas上的通知。大家都知道Canvas是什么吗？

Who has never heard of Canvas before?

谁以前没听说过Canvas？

You have to use it every day already. Just because you have to use it doesn't mean that everybody is. I know that for my students at home, I know they don't read if I tell them to, so I'm just making sure. But you're better than my home students already. So very good.

你们现在每天都要用它了。但仅仅因为必须使用，并不意味着大家都真的在用了。我知道，对于我在家里的学生来说，如果我告诉他们要做什么，他们通常不会去读。所以我只是再确认一下。不过，你们已经比我的在家学生强多了。非常好。

Well done. And obviously, submit your work correctly.

干得好。当然，还要正确地提交作业。

University, right?

大学，对吧？

It's not university. But it's your field, right? You can't get out of it. It's a serious illness. But it might also be that something happened to your family. You might have to go home to help your parents. because someone there got ill. God forbid, there might be a death in the family. and you have to go to a funeral or something. Something severe that might happen, right? That's okay. That happens to all of us. And Harry, what would like to help you in these situations? And we can help you if you apply for mitigating circumstances. Mitigating circumstances is a process that we use at Harry Watts. for students to notify us of things that go wrong.

这不是大学。但这是你的领域，对吧？你摆脱不了它。这是一种严重的疾病。但也可能是因为你的家庭发生了某些事情。你可能需要回家帮助父母。因为家里有人生病了。但愿不会发生，但也许家里有人去世了。你得去参加葬礼之类的。总之，可能会发生一些严重的事情，对吧？没关系，这种情况我们都会遇到。那么哈利，在这些情况下，什么能帮助你呢？如果你申请“情有可原的情况”，我们就能帮助你。“情有可原的情况”是哈利·沃特大学使用的一种流程。供学生用来通知我们，出现了什么问题。

I often hear from Chinese students that they are afraid that their transcript will show that they've been ill, that they couldn't go to university, that it will show anything about their mitigating circumstances. But at Harry Watts, we don't put anything of this on your transcript. Mitigating circumstances just means you were so ill, you couldn't submit your coursework. If you can't submit your coursework, you will not get a mark. But if you're ill, right? So in order to mitigate this, we want you to fill in this application. There's guidance on this on the Harry Watt website. And you can ask your OUC tutors as well. for help with this process. They'll be able to guide you. The important thing is to remember, if you are ill during block teaching, mention it to your OUC tutors. mention it to the lecturer. that is either, and they will also be able to help you. We don't want you to fail a course because you're ill. So please remember the mitigating circumstances.

我经常听到中国学生说，他们很害怕，担心成绩单上会显示他们生病了，没能去上大学。或者显示出任何关于情有可原情况的信息。但在哈利·沃特，我们不会把这些内容写在成绩单上。“情有可原的情况”仅仅意味着你病得很重，无法提交作业。如果你无法提交作业，就不会得到成绩。但如果你生病了，对吧？所以，为了缓解这种情况，我们希望你们填写这份申请。哈利·沃特的网站上有关于这方面的指导说明。你们也可以向自己的OUC导师咨询。他们会协助你们完成这个过程。他们能够指导你们。重要的是要记住，如果在集中授课期间生病了，一定要向你的OUC导师说明。也要向讲师说明。无论是哪一位，他们都会帮助你们。我们不希望你们因为这种情况而挂科。仅仅因为生病。所以，请大家务必记住这些减轻处罚的情况。

for Harry Watt's courses, there's the Harry Watt's mitigating circumstances that you need to do. and for OUC taught courses, there's the OUC equivalent process. again, your OUC tutors can help with this.

对于哈利·沃特的课程，你们需要填写哈利·沃特的减轻处罚申请表。而对于OUC授课的课程，则有相应的OUC流程。同样，你们的OUC导师也可以提供协助。

and then you will get a decision if it was accepted or rejected.

之后，你们会收到决定，看申请是否被批准或拒绝。

once you get this decision, it will tell you what is going to happen. That's a bit complicated when it comes to mitigating circumstances. I'm not sure if it's the same with OUC. But if you apply for mitigating circumstances and it is accepted, the university will tell you your application has been accepted. and then at the end of the semester, we will look at the marks. that you received for the course. We will look at all the mitigating circumstances. And then, us as academics, will decide what the best thing to do is. You might have submitted your coursework late. If you submit late, you get a late penalty. If you have mitigating circumstances, we will remove this If you don't submit at all, you might get zero marks for the coursework. And then we find a different way. We scale up an exam mark.

一旦收到这个决定，它就会告知你们后续的处理方式。关于减轻处罚的情况，确实有点复杂。我不确定OUC是否也是一样的。但是，如果你申请了减轻处罚的情况并且获得了批准，学校会通知你你的申请已被接受。然后，在学期结束时，我们会查看成绩。也就是你在这门课程中获得的分数。我们会综合考虑所有的减轻处罚情况。然后，作为教师的我们，会做出决定，看采取什么措施最合适。你可能迟交了作业。如果迟交，就会受到扣分处罚。但如果你有合理的减轻处罚理由，我们会取消这个处罚。如果你根本没交，可能会作业得零分。那么我们会采取其他方式，比如提高考试成绩的权重。

We find ways to help you. We will act in your best interest. when you have mitigating circumstances to help. So the one thing to remember is, if there's anything happening, talk to your lecturer. some mitigating circumstances too hairy. And for all your CTO courses, it will be the same.

我们会想办法帮助你。我们会以你的最大利益为重。在你有减轻处罚理由的情况下，我们会给予帮助。所以，你要记住的一点是，如果发生了任何情况，一定要和你的讲师沟通。有些减轻处罚的情况可能比较复杂。对于你所有的CTO课程，情况都是一样的。

And that sometimes leads to panic, when a deadline comes close. and that leads to people trying to cheat, because they don't see any other way. Sometimes people copy from each other. A lot of times now, students use

有时候，这会导致恐慌，尤其是在截止日期临近的时候。这就会让人试图作弊，因为他们觉得没有其他办法了。有时候，人们会互相抄袭。但现在，很多学生都会使用

generative AI. DeepSeek or anything else, right? that you can think of in order to produce an assignment. And as a university, we see this more and more. Sadly, because because sometimes things are going a little bit wrong.

生成式人工智能。比如DeepSeek或者其他工具，对吧？只要你能想到的，都可以用来完成作业。作为一所大学，我们越来越频繁地看到这种情况。很遗憾，因为有时候，事情确实出了点问题。

However, if us as a university find out that someone has been cheating, there are consequences for it. I want you to understand what Harry, what considers cheating, and I want you to be aware of it and never prevent you from doing that. Because sometimes students do a thing because they think it's okay to do it. They're not 100% sure. And then it ends up biting them in the butt. Right? So there are five things that Heriot-Watt considers cheating. There's the obvious. You find someone else's code or on a computer somewhere and it's the assignment that they're currently working on. so you just submit that. as your own coursework. And it's done, right? But that's not really how things should work. You have to do your own work, right? So copying someone's work and submitting it without telling anybody that it's not your work is

但是，如果我们大学发现有人作弊，就会受到相应的惩罚。我想让大家明白，赫瑞瓦特大学是如何界定作弊行为的，希望大家能意识到这一点，并且永远不要去做。因为有时候，学生之所以会这么做，是因为他们认为这样做是可以的。他们并不是百分之百确定。结果最后却害了自己。对吧？赫瑞瓦特大学认为有五种行为属于作弊。首先是显而易见的。比如，你找到了别人的代码，或者在某个电脑上发现了它，然后那正是他们正在做的作业。于是你就直接提交了。当作自己的作业提交。这样就完成了，对吧？但这并不是正确的做法。你必须独立完成自己的作业，对吧？所以，抄袭别人的作业却不说明这不是你自己的作品，直接提交上去，就是作弊。

collusion is if you have an individual coursework, that you have to do alone, but you work on it with a few friends, and then you also make a very similar solution. That is not allowed if it's not a group work. And that's called collusion. So you collude with someone or a few other people in order to do this. There's self-plagiarism, which is sometimes very confusing for students. So let's say you have a course on programming, and you submit your code. In the first semester for this course, and in the and in the second semester, there's another course that does something similar, and you want to use the first semester course, so you say like, "Oh, can I just reuse the code that I did for the first semester?" and add a bit. And this is normally called self-plagiarism. So if you submit something for several courses, that is also not allowed. So you're copying from yourself, basically.

另一种作弊行为是勾结。如果你有一份个人作业，但你却和别人一起完成，那就是作弊。而且你们给出的解决方案也非常相似。除非是小组作业，否则这是不允许的。这被称为勾结作弊。也就是说，你与他人串通，共同完成作业。还有一种是自我抄袭，这有时会让学生们感到困惑。比如，你有一门编程课程，你提交了代码。在第一学期，你提交了这份作业。到了第二学期，又有一门类似的课程，你想把之前的作业拿来用，于是你说：“我可以复用第一学期的代码吗？”然后再稍微修改一下。这通常被称为“自我抄袭”。所以，如果你把同一份作业提交给多门课程，也是不允许的。本质上，就是你自己在抄袭自己。

Something that everybody knows is AI misuse. I'm very sure you've all used some form of large language model in the past.

还有一个大家耳熟能详的问题，就是滥用人工智能。我相信大家过去都使用过某种大型语言模型。

And the last point is falsification. So let's say you have, next year you're starting to do group projects, right? where you build robots. And let's say your robot doesn't work properly. But you still want to get a good mark, so you create a video where you pretend the robot works. and you tell everybody else it was an awesome project. and here's our data that we produced. But this is not real data. And that is called falsification. But then again, it's an open map.

最后一点是伪造。假设明年你们要开始做小组项目了，对吧？你们需要制作机器人。结果你的机器人没能正常工作。但你还是想拿个好成绩，所以你制作了一个视频，假装机器人能正常工作。然后你告诉其他人，这是一个很棒的项目。这是我们生成的数据。但这并不是真实数据。这就叫做伪造。不过话说回来，这也是一个开放的问题。

So these are the five things that I would like you to be aware of. and try to avoid during your studies. Because we did have a few issues. Not just in this program, but also with a lot of students feeling the pressure.

以上就是我想让大家注意的五点。在学习期间要尽量避免。因为我们确实遇到了一些问题。不仅仅是在这个项目里，还有很多学生都感到压力很大。

So just to wake everybody up and see if you're listening as well, I have a little quiz for you as well. so this is just a little more information. So some courses might actually allow you to use AI. But it doesn't mean that all courses allow you to. So if you are ever unsure, ask a lecturer. ask them what you're allowed to use in a specific course.

那么，为了让大家清醒一下，也看看大家有没有在认真听，我还有一个小测验要考大家。这只是为了提供一些额外的信息。有些课程实际上可能允许你们使用人工智能。但这并不意味着所有课程都允许。所以，如果大家不确定，可以问老师。问问在特定课程中允许使用什么。

Okay, so let's have a little quiz. I will describe a situation, and I want you to put your hand up if you think it's cheating. Okay? You copy a paragraph from the internet, into your coursework and you don't tell anybody that you copied it. Who thinks that's cheating?

好的，那我们来做个小测验吧。我会描述一种情况，如果你们认为这是作弊行为，就请举手。好吗？你从互联网上复制了一段文字，直接写进了作业里，但没有说明这是抄袭的。大家觉得这算作弊吗？

Put your hand up. That's good, that's very obvious. That's everybody. Yes, you're right. Copying words or ideas without acknowledgment is plagiarism. You can copy and paste something into your work, but you have to cite it. And you have to put it in quotation marks. And then it's okay to do that.

请举手。很好，这很明显。大家都举手了。是的，你们是对的。不注明出处而抄袭他人的文字或观点，就是剽窃。你可以将某些内容复制粘贴到你的作业中，但必须注明出处。而且要用引号括起来。这样就没问题了。

Next one. A classmate explains an equation to you. out of your robotics course or your maths course.

下一个。你的同学给你解释了一个公式。可能是机器人课程或数学课程里的。

And then you solve the assignment yourself afterwards. But it's an individual assignment.

之后你自己完成了作业。但这是一个个人作业。

Is that cheating? Put your hand up if you think that's cheating.

这算作弊吗？如果你们认为这是作弊，请举手。

Nobody.

没有人举手。

It's not cheating. You can explain things to each other. Actually, I would encourage you to try to explain things. because if you're trying to explain something to someone else, you will understand it better afterwards. It helps you understand the thing if you are able to explain it to someone else. So helping someone understand is also different from sharing a solution. And it will help you to understand it.

这不算作弊。你们可以互相解释。事实上，我鼓励你们尝试去解释。因为如果你试图向别人解释某件事，之后你会理解得更透彻。如果你能向别人解释清楚，这有助于你更好地理解它。所以，帮助他人理解，与直接分享解决方案是不同的。这也会帮助你更好地理解它。

Next one. Two students submit almost identical code for an individual programming assignment. They worked together. even though it was individual assignments. can you argue that it's cheating?

下一个。两名学生在一份个人编程作业中提交了几乎完全相同的代码。他们是一起完成的。尽管这是一项个人作业。你能说这是作弊吗？

Some people are not listening. or they don't think it's cheating. but most of you think it's cheating. And you're right. Well done. So this would be called collusion. Group work is allowed only if the coursework is a group course. So please pay attention to this. Again, you are allowed to explain things to each other. if someone has a question, but you're not allowed to work together.

有些人没在听。或者他们认为这不算是作弊。但你们大多数人认为这是作弊。而且你们是对的。做得好。所以，这被称为串通作弊。只有当课程本身是小组课程时，才允许小组合作。所以请大家注意这一点。同样，你们可以互相解释内容。如果有人有疑问，但你们不能一起合作。

The coursework permits AI brainstorming. and use deepseek for ideas. and it's cool to use.

这项作业允许使用AI进行头脑风暴。并且可以使用DeepSeek来获取思路。使用它是没问题的。

No generated paragraphs or code are copied into the submission.

但是，提交的作业中不能直接复制生成的段落或代码。

we think it's cheating.

我们认为这是作弊。

One person, enough.

一个人就够了。

Very good, that's not cheating.

很好，那不算作弊。

So if it is permitted to use AI, then you are obviously allowed to use AI. however, you will not be allowed to just copy and paste stuff that you generated into a report.

那么，如果允许使用AI，显然你们就可以使用AI。但是，你们不能直接复制粘贴内容。把生成的东西直接放进报告里。

I, as a lecturer, don't want to read what deepseek produced. I want to read what you produce. I don't care about AI slop that you copy and paste into your assignment. I want to read what's in here. not what's in the internet. But there are courses where you're allowed to use AI. in my fourth-year course on robotics, I'm allowing the students to use AI. for coding. because the coding is not the important part. So they can use whatever they like. in order to produce a code. But there are other assessments throughout the year. In my fourth-year course on robotics, I'm allowing the students to use AI for coding, because the coding is not the important part. so they can use whatever they like in order to produce a code, but there are other assessments throughout the year. In first year, you will not be allowed to use AI for many things. because we first need you to learn how to do things by yourself. because AI was trained to sound very convincing. AI was trained to make you believe that it's always right. And if you don't know what's right, then you will believe AI. That's lots of people do. And it leads to lots of problems all over the world. So we need to teach you first the fundamentals. Once you know the fundamentals, you can then use AI to have a look at job posts. and see how rubbish it actually is. Because at the moment, most AI models are not really good at what they do.

作为一名讲师，我不想读DeepSeek生成的内容。我想读的是你们自己写的内容。我不在乎你们复制粘贴到作业里的AI垃圾内容。我想看的是这里面的东西。而不是互联网上的内容。不过，也有一些课程是允许使用AI的。比如我大四的机器人课程，我允许学生使用AI。用于编程。因为编程并不是最重要的部分。所以他们可以使用任何他们喜欢的工具。来生成代码。不过，一年中还有其他评估方式。在我四年级的机器人课程中，我允许学生使用人工智能来编写代码，因为编码并不是最重要的部分。所以他们可以使用任何他们喜欢的工具来生成代码，但一年中还有其他评估环节。但在大一的时候，很多事情是不允许使用人工智能的。因为我们首先需要你们学会如何独立完成事情。因为人工智能经过训练后，听起来非常有说服力。它被训练成让你相信它总是对的。如果你不知道什么才是正确的，那你就会相信人工智能。很多人都这样。这在全球范围内引发了很多问题。所以，我们首先需要教你基础知识。一旦掌握了基础知识，你就可以使用人工智能来查看招聘信息。看看它实际上有多糟糕。因为目前，大多数人工智能模型在它们所做的事情上并不出色。

They just try to please.

它们只是试图取悦你。

Next one.

下一个。

I let generative AI write my report. and submit it as my own work. Who thinks it's cheating?

我让生成式人工智能帮我写报告。然后把它当作自己的作业提交上去。谁认为这是作弊？

Hopefully everybody will put their hand up.

希望大家都能举手。

'Cause clearly, clearly that is cheating. So you submit unauthorized AI-generated stuff. and you're gonna real it as your own work. That is academic misconduct.

因为很明显，这确实就是作弊。所以，你提交了未经授权的AI生成内容。却把它当作自己的作品提交。这就是学术不端行为。

I submit part of a report I previously used for another assessed course.

我提交了之前用于另一门课程的报告的一部分。

So you had one coursework and parts of it is submitted to a different course. This is technically also cheating. Some people are very certain that it's cheating.

也就是说，你有一份作业，却把其中的一部分提交给了另一门课程。这在技术上也算作弊。有些人非常确定这就是作弊。

Good, yes. I'm very proud of you. Thank you very much for listening. Recycling assessed work without permission or appropriate acknowledgement can be self-plagiarism. which is also not allowed.

很好，是的。我为你感到非常自豪。非常感谢大家的聆听。未经许可或未适当注明出处而重复使用已提交的作业，可能构成自我剽窃。这也是不允许的。

Second to last. I read a paper, and I write my own. and give a correct citation.

倒数第二个。我读了一篇论文，然后写自己的。并给出了正确的引用。

Who thinks that's cheating?

谁认为这是作弊？

Nobody. That's what we do for living, research. We use papers, we cite them. We write a literature review. And that's perfectly fine and encouraged. And the last one. My robot failed some tests. So I made better results for the final project report. Who thinks that's cheating?

没有人。这正是我们在生活和研究中做的事情。我们引用文献，进行引用。我们撰写文献综述。这完全没问题，而且是被鼓励的。还有最后一个。我的机器人通过了一些测试。所以我在最终的项目报告中取得了更好的结果。谁认为这是作弊？

It's a very obvious question. But you've done very well. Fabricating or manipulating results is research and academic misconduct. So it's two misconducts this thing has in common.

这是一个非常明显的问题。但你们做得很好。伪造或篡改结果，是科研和学术不端行为。所以，这两件事都有一个共同点，那就是不端行为。

So the simple rules are: produce your own work, credit sources, and tools that you use. and ask the lecturer if you have any questions.

所以，简单的规则是：创作自己的作品，注明出处，并注明使用的工具。如果有疑问，请向讲师请教。

So what happens if you forget about all of this? or you are still, because you had some external stress, and you don't know any other way out, and you did cheat the assignment. Let me tell you what happens. if that were to be the case.

那么，如果你忘记了所有这些，会发生什么呢？或者，由于外部压力，你仍然找不到其他办法，于是在作业中作弊了。让我告诉你会发生什么。如果真是这样的话。

If a student cheats,

如果学生作弊，

the lecturer will very likely notice. because we all know what AI output looks like. We all can see similarities between programming assignments. So the lecturer will submit a report to the school. And in the school, there's a committee that has a look at all the reports. and asks the student as well to write a statement. So if you are accused of cheating, the university will ask you to write a statement. about what happened. Because sometimes if you use a shared computer, for example, you might also leave your work on the computer. and another student finds it. and then submit it as their own work. So it wasn't you cheating, but it was someone else. But we as lecturers don't know who copied the code from whom. necessarily, right? So we ask the students to submit a statement telling us what happened. in their words.

讲师很可能会发现。因为我们都知道AI生成的内容是什么样子的。我们都能看出编程作业之间的相似之处。所以，讲师会提交一份报告，交给学校。学校里有一个委员会，负责审查所有的报告。同时也会要求学生撰写一份说明。所以，如果你被指控作弊，大学会要求你写一份说明。讲述事情的经过。因为有时候，比如你使用的是共享电脑，你可能会把作业留在电脑上。然后被其他学生发现了。并当作自己的作业提交上去。所以，作弊的不是你，而是别人。但是作为讲师，我们并不知道是谁抄袭了谁的作品。不一定，对吧？所以我们要求学生提交一份说明，告诉我们发生了什么。用他们自己的话来说。

We then read the statements, we have a look, at the evidence. And sometimes we might even ask students for an interview. So you have to do an online interview with a panel, that could be scary. It's all in English with strangers that you've never seen before. But they are just trying to find out what actually happened. And then afterwards, they will pass judgment. Or they will make a decision on what's supposed to happen. In a lot of cases, nothing happens, because either there was not enough evidence, or it was not your fault. In the case that I just described, we just left the file on the computer and someone else copied it. But sometimes people are found guilty. And then they receive a zero mark. for the coursework they cheated in or an exam. By the way, we had some - I want to tell you a funny case. At home in the UK, we had a student trying to cheat in a written exam. They had their phone with them. And what they did was they had ChatGPT, a large language model, open on their phone. typing in the answer under the table and then writing the answer in the exam. You know how we found out? Because they wrote down everything. Even in the end, where ChatGPT asked, "Do you want me to explain this?"

然后我们会阅读这些说明，进行查看，并审查证据。有时，我们甚至可能会要求学生接受面谈。也就是说，你需要参加一个由专家组进行的在线面试，这可能会让人很紧张。而且全程用英语，面对的都是你从未见过的陌生人。但他们只是想弄清楚事情的真相。之后，他们会做出裁决。或者决定该如何处理。在很多情况下，什么都不会发生，因为要么证据不足，要么并不是你的错。就像我刚才描述的那个案例，我们只是让文件留在电脑上，结果被别人复制了。但有时，人们也会被认定有罪。然后他们会得到零分。无论是作弊的课程作业还是考试。顺便说一下，我们遇到过一些案例。我想给大家讲一个有趣的故事。在英国，有一个学生试图在笔试中作弊。他们把手机带进了考场。他们做的是，让ChatGPT——一个大型语言模型，在手机里打开。在桌子底下输入答案，然后写到试卷上。你知道我们是怎么发现的吗？因为他们把答案全都写下来了。甚至在最后，ChatGPT还问：“你需要我解释一下吗？”

and they wrote down "no". So they were stressed in the exam, they didn't read.

他们居然写了“不用”。所以他们在考试时很紧张，根本没看题目。

So, it happens.

这种事时有发生。

And if that happens in the exam, obviously you will get zero marks. Be smart about it. Don't cheat. Or if you cheat in a way that it blows up on you. So you might have to redo the course. It might reflect negatively on your transcript. It might reflect negatively on your time at London Business School. So try to leave enough time for things.

如果考试中出现这种情况，显然你会得零分。要聪明点。不要作弊。或者不要作弊，结果被发现了。那样的话，你可能就得重修这门课了。这会对你的成绩单产生负面影响。也会对你在伦敦商学院的学习经历产生负面影响。所以，尽量留出足够的时间。

Speaking about visas and all these things, it's a bit early to think about them. but I just want to give you a little look at it. what's going to come over the next few years. So first of all, these are carry-in-one grades. our grades are a bit different to all you see.

说到签证和其他这些事情，现在考虑还为时过早。不过，我还是想让大家先了解一下。看看未来几年会发生什么。首先，这些都是赫瑞瓦特的成绩。我们的成绩和你们常见的有些不同。

For us, if you are excellent at what you do, you will get 70 plus. 40 is a pass mark. So in all you see, the pass mark is 60. for us the pass mark is 40. So if you receive a 40 in a Heriot-Watt course, it will be a 60 of the all you see.

对我们来说，如果你表现出色，就会得到70分以上。40分是及格线。在你们常见的体系里，及格线是60分。而在我们这里，及格线是40分。所以，如果你在赫瑞瓦特的课程中得了40分，相当于你们体系里的60分。

And if you're above 70, in a Heriot-Watt course, that means you're really good.

如果你的分数超过70分，那就说明你非常优秀。

From year one to year two, we require you to pass at least six of your courses. And there's one course that for Heriot-Watt is very important, which is software development 2. which you will be taught next semester. So try to make sure that you get at least a C. Actually, that's not true anymore. You don't need a C. You just need a D. So for software development 2, now you just need a D. But you need to pass software development 2. That will be important. Then year two, you need to pass another six courses. And in year three, you need to have at least 50% average. And the first attempt in all your joint courses. So you need to be at least good. And obviously, equivalent that would be 70. Or something, 60 is the pass mark. That would be around 70, but. In the Heriot-Watt courses, it may be 50.

从大一到大二，我们要求你至少通过六门课程。还有一门课程对赫瑞瓦特来说非常重要，那就是软件开发2。这门课将在下学期开设。所以，请确保你至少拿到C的成绩。其实，现在不是这样了。你不需要C了。只要D就行。所以对于软件开发2，你现在只需要D。但你必须通过软件开发2这门课。这很重要。到了第二年，你还需要通过另外六门课程。到了第三年，你需要至少有50%的平均分。而且，所有课程都必须以第一次尝试的成绩为准。所以，你的成绩至少得达到“良好”。显然，相当于70分。或者60分就是及格线。不过，大概相当于70分左右。在赫瑞瓦特的课程中，可能是50分。

Just as a bit of a teaser, what's it called?

这只是个小预告，叫什么来着？

And then also, just to tell you a bit more about the Heriot-Watt processes, because sometimes students ask us, "When can I see my marks on the system? When can I get my transcripts?" At Heriot-Watt, we have fixed timelines for our courses. There are assessment points. Once the semester is over, we have a look at all your marks. make sure everything went well. And then the marks get into our system. And then in June, we have a progression board. and we look at the students. And in August, we have a progression board for Year One and Two, where we then make a decision if you progress to the next year. I know there's a few differences between the OUC and Heriot-Watt. right? So, even if you fail a few Heriot-Watt courses, or if you fail a few OUC courses, normally you will just progress to the second year. after the break, and you will move to the new Shantou campus. But in the Heriot-Watt system, you might still be in year one. And it's just because with different universities, we have different systems. So don't worry too much. We will make sure that you progress through the system correctly. And we'll try our best for you to come to Heriot-Watt. as quickly as possible. But if you ever have any questions about progression, you can always ask you can ask Glen about it, you can ask me about it, you can always email the press about it. that I showed you earlier. But normally we will make sure that you progress through the ranks properly. Again, this is important for year three. You don't need to worry about that right now. I will tell you more about this, but also in year three.

另外，再给大家介绍一下赫瑞瓦特的流程，因为有时候学生会问我们：“我什么时候能看到系统里的成绩？我什么时候能拿到成绩单？”在赫瑞瓦特，我们的课程有固定的时间安排。有评估节点。学期结束后，我们会查看你们所有的成绩。确保一切顺利。然后成绩就会录入系统。到了六月，我们会召开进度评审会。审查学生的情况。八月，我们会为大一和大二学生召开进度评审会，决定你们是否能升入下一年。我知道OUC和赫瑞瓦特之间有一些差异。对吧？所以，即使你在赫瑞瓦特的几门课程中挂科，或者在OUC的几门课程中挂科，通常你也能升入二年级。假期结束后，你就会搬到新的汕头校区。但在赫瑞瓦特的体系中，你可能还在大一。这是因为不同的大学有不同的制度。所以不用太担心。我们会确保你顺利地完成学业。我们也会尽最大努力，让你来到赫瑞瓦特。越快越好。不过，如果你对升学有任何疑问，随时可以询问。你可以问Glen，也可以问我，也可以给招生办公室发邮件。就是我之前给大家展示过的。但通常情况下，我们会确保你顺利升年级。同样，这对于三年级的学生来说也很重要。现在你不用担心这个。我会再详细讲解这一点，不过也要等到三年级的时候。

This is how your final mark is calculated for Heriot-Watt. That sometimes is interesting for students in year one as well. because you don't care about your year one marks. You don't care about your year two marks even. All you care about is year three. For a degree in the UK, the only thing that counts is basically in year four. That is different for your OUC degree. And that might be different if you're looking for postgraduate studies in China, or if you're looking for a job in China, because they will care about your first and second year marks as well. If you're wanting to do a postgraduate degree in the UK, if you're wanting to find work in the UK, for example, year three and year four will be important. Year one and two, you just need to pass.

这就是赫瑞瓦特最终成绩的计算方式。这一点对于一年级的学生来说也很有意思。因为你们并不在意一年级的成绩。甚至你们也不在乎二年级的成绩。你们只关心三年级的成绩。在英国，获得学位唯一重要的就是四年级的成绩。但对于OUC的学位来说，情况则不同。如果你打算在中国读研究生，情况也可能不同。或者你想在中国找工作，因为他们会也会看重你大一和大二的成绩。如果你想在英国读研究生，或者想在英国找工作，比如，那么三年级和四年级的成绩就很重要。而大一和大二，你只需要及格就行。

This is just an example of how that would be calculated. So year three is 20% of your average mark. year four, the total course, is 50%. and then finally your project at 30%.

这只是一个计算方式的例子。也就是说，三年级的成绩占平均分的20%。四年级，也就是整个课程，占50%。最后，你的项目占30%。

So normally what happens is that students on this program are really good at year three, and then they come to the UK, because everything is new. and there's lots of strange people around. And there's a strange country as well. It takes a little time to adjust. Sometimes the marks go down a little bit in year four. which was a bit of a surprise. So if you do really well in year three, you can compensate a little bit. for the marks going down a little bit in year four. Just for you to have an idea of how they calculate.

通常情况下，这个项目里的学生在三年级表现非常出色，然后来到英国后，因为一切都是新的。周围也有很多奇怪的人。而且这是一个陌生的国家。需要一点时间来适应。有时候，四年级的成绩会稍微下降一点。这有点让人意外。所以，如果你在三年级表现非常好，就可以弥补一些。应对四年级成绩的小幅下降。这只是让大家了解一下他们的计算方式。

And then in the past, we've seen that more than half the students on this program actually to go on to further study abroad. A lot of them go to the UK. They're very prestigious universities. Either in the UK, Australia, some in the US. Singapore, Hong Kong. And about 40% return to China. again to very high level universities. In Beijing, for example, we have a lot of students that had MSc interviews this year again. because they applied to very prestigious universities.

过去我们发现，这个项目里有一半以上的学生会选择去国外继续深造。其中很多都去了英国。那些都是非常有声望的大学。有的在英国，有的在澳大利亚，还有一些在美国。还有新加坡和香港。大约40%的学生会回到中国。同样也是进入非常顶尖的大学。比如在北京，我们有很多学生通过了硕士面试，今年也是如此。因为他们申请的都是非常著名的大学。

Sadly, we don't have many students that replied to our emails. so we asked them what you're doing after university. so once you're there, please reply to our emails. so that we actually know where you're going afterwards. But again, it's a long time away. but as i said, around 60% of students choose to stay abroad for their masters. And I think in big parts, that is because the masters in the UK only takes one year. It doesn't take three years like in China. But it's the same good education. So a lot of students use this to save time. You save two years. you can go to a PhD in the UK afterwards. because a PhD in the UK is three years. whereas in China, normally it's five years. So you can save up to four years. just by studying abroad. And then you can come back to China. and you can become a professor. Your professor just sitting there has done the same, right? And that doesn't mean you're less qualified. You can still become a very high-ranking professor. Professor Dong, for example, studied in the UK as well. and he's now the head of the faculty. And it just saves you some time, which is why a lot of students choose to study abroad.

遗憾的是，回复我们邮件的学生并不多。所以我们想问问大家，大学毕业后你们在做什么。所以，一旦你们找到了工作，请务必回复我们的邮件。这样我们才能真正知道你们之后的去向。不过，那还早着呢。但正如我之前所说，大约60%的学生选择留在国外攻读硕士。我认为，很大程度上是因为英国的硕士只需要一年时间。不像在中国需要三年。但教育质量是一样的。所以很多学生选择这种方式来节省时间。这样可以节省两年时间。之后你还可以在英国攻读博士学位。因为英国的博士课程是三年。而在中国，通常需要五年。所以，最多可以节省四年时间。只要出国留学就可以了。然后你可以回到中国。成为一名教授。坐在那里的这位教授也是这么过来的，对吧？但这并不意味着你的资历不够。你仍然可以成为一位非常资深的教授。比如董教授，他就曾在英国留学。现在他是学院的负责人。这确实能帮你节省时间，所以很多学生选择出国留学。

There are two schools: the School of Mathematics and Computer Science, and the School of Engineering and Physical Sciences. Your teacher currently here, Harry Watts and Hao Chen, is from the School of Engineering and Physical Sciences. You will have other teachers next semester from the School of Mathematics and Computer Science. You are students of both schools, and when you come to Year Four, you can choose to do your final-year project with either of these schools. If over the next three years you have more fun doing hardware-related things, sensor-related things, or embedded systems-related things, then you will be doing your final-year project with EPS. If you are more into programming, AI, machine learning, or even human-robot interaction—which is something that I am teaching—then

我们有两个学院：数学与计算机科学学院，以及工程与物理科学学院。目前在这里给你们授课的老师 Harry Watts 和 Hao Chen 来自工程与物理科学学院。下学期你们还会有来自数学与计算机科学学院的老师。你们同时属于这两个学院的学生，到了大四，你们可以选择在任意一个学院完成毕业项目。如果在未来三年里，你们发现自己更喜欢硬件相关的、传感器相关的或嵌入式系统相关的内容，那么你们就会在 EPS 完成毕业项目。如果你们更倾向于编程、人工智能、机器学习，甚至人机交互——这正是我所教授的方向——那么

Because you are officially on a robotics programme in the UK—I know here in China it is more of a general computer science programme, but for us it is more of a robotics-related programme—you might be wanting to do something with robotics later on, because you learn a lot about it. You might be able to work at the National Robotarium in Edinburgh, which was opened in 2022, where we have lots of robots for you to use and to do your final-year projects with. This is just to get you excited about it already.

因为你们正式注册的是英国的机器人学项目——我知道在中国这边更多是通用的计算机科学项目，但对我们而言更偏向机器人学方向——你们将来可能会想从事与机器人相关的工作，因为你们会学到很多这方面的知识。你们有机会在爱丁堡的国家机器人中心（National Robotarium）工作，该中心于2022年开放，那里有很多机器人可供你们使用，也可以在那里完成毕业设计。这是为了让你们提前对此产生兴趣。

I am the Global Programme Director. There is Chenja, who is your Deputy Director, and he will teach Artificial Intelligence for you in Year Three. And there is Keith, who is with the School of EPS, and that will be important later on when you come to the UK in Year Four. For now, it is mainly me and Chenja that you have in the programme. I am teaching in Year Four, by the way, so I won't be coming here to teach you in the first three years, but you will see me in Year Four, and you will see a lot of me in Year Four.

我是全球项目主任。Chenja是你们的副主任，他将在第三年教你们人工智能。还有Keith，他隶属于EPS学院，这在你们第四年来到英国时会很重要。目前，项目中主要是我和Chenja负责。顺便说一下，我在第四年授课，所以前三年我不会来这里给你们上课，但你们会在第四年见到我，而且会经常见到我。

If you really want to, and if you ask me very nicely, maybe I will come to school at this time. Just to give you a brief idea, I will share the slides with you as well. I will send them all to Jingyuan, and Jingyuan will forward them to you afterwards. You do not need to remember all of this; you can look at the slides. If you have any issues with anything that is Harry Potter related, this is the main email address to look at. This is Stephen. Stephen might have been in contact with you if you had problems with enrolment already. If you have any issues, you can always contact Stephen. Otherwise, you can contact me. But one thing I want to ask you all is: please read your Harry Potter email. We know you use WeChat, we know you use your own UCL email address mainly while you are here, but please—

如果你真的想的话，而且你非常礼貌地请求我，也许我会在这个时间来学校。简单说一下，我也会把幻灯片分享给你们。我会把它们全部发给Jingyuan，然后Jingyuan会转发给你们。你们不需要记住所有内容，可以看幻灯片。如果你们有任何与Harry Potter相关的问题，这是主要的邮箱地址。这位是Stephen。如果你们在注册时遇到问题，Stephen可能已经联系过你们了。如果有任何问题，你们随时可以联系Stephen，否则可以联系我。但我有一件事想请大家注意：请务必查看你们的Harry Potter邮箱。我们知道你们用微信，也知道你们在这里主要使用自己的UCL邮箱，但请——

Check your email at least once a month. Once a week would be better, but at least once a month, because we might send you something that you need to see. In the past, we had a lot of students who did not check their email, then missed deadlines, and it was a bit of an issue. We managed to solve it, but it helps us a lot if you do read it. You all know that you will have to go abroad, right? That's not a surprise to anybody. Good. So at the moment you're here...

请至少每月查看一次你的邮箱。每周查看一次更好，但至少要每月一次，因为我们可能会发送你需要看到的信息。过去有很多学生不查看邮件，结果错过了截止日期，这确实造成了一些问题。我们最终解决了，但如果你们能认真阅读邮件，对我们帮助很大。你们都知道自己必须出国，对吧？这对任何人来说都不是意外。好。那么目前你们在这里……

There is lots of time until you have to come to Edinburgh, but you are already Harry Potter students. You are already taught by Harry Potter teachers. There is nothing that is going to change over the next three years, but this is what we are working towards. I want you to all come to Edinburgh in Year Four, and this is why I want to give you a few tips as well in this presentation on how to do this. Reading your email is the first thing. At the moment you already have block teaching, so you know what that is. Block teaching is hard. You will know that already. You have lots of condensed lectures and labs. You have to be attentive for long hours. You have to listen to the same...

距离你们来爱丁堡还有很长时间，但你们已经是哈利·波特学生了，由哈利·波特的老师们授课。未来三年内不会有任何改变，但这正是我们努力的方向。我希望你们所有人都在第四年来到爱丁堡，这也是我在这次演讲中给你们一些建议的原因。第一件事是阅读你们的邮件。目前你们已经有块状教学了，所以你们知道那是什么。块状教学很难。你们已经知道了。你们有很多压缩的讲座和实验课。你们必须长时间保持专注。你们必须听同样的……

Block teaching means you see a person for a long time every day and have to do a lot of work over a short period of time. The main point about block teaching to keep in mind is: be there and ask questions. Block teachers at some point will go back to the UK, and then it makes it much harder to ask questions. My first tip after reading your email is: if there is block teaching, make one hundred percent sure that you come to uni if you can. Ask questions to the lecturer while they are here, because otherwise it makes it harder to contact them. If you have any questions about the course, about coursework, about exams, make sure to talk to the teacher. They will love talking to you as well. All of us are here to teach you, all of us are here because we want to help you learn, and all of us are happy to talk to you and answer any question.

模块教学意味着你每天长时间面对同一个人，并且需要在很短的时间内完成大量工作。关于模块教学，需要牢记的核心要点是：到场并提出问题。模块教师最终会返回英国，届时再想提问就会困难得多。我读完你们的邮件后给出的第一条建议是：如果存在模块教学，务必百分之百确保自己能来学校上课。趁讲师还在的时候向他们提问，否则之后再联系他们就会变得困难。如果你对课程、作业或考试有任何疑问，一定要主动与教师交流。他们同样乐于与你交谈。我们所有人来到这里都是为了教导你们，都是出于帮助你们学习的意愿，也都乐意与你们交流并解答任何问题。

Don't be shy. If you think your English is not good enough, that does not matter. We are very patient; we wait for you. We are happy to use translation apps on your phone or whatever. We are here to help you. Please come and ask us, and make sure that you come to office hours. The secret to success is: be there, ask questions, and read carefully the emails and Canvas announcements. Does everybody know what Canvas is? Who has never heard of Canvas before? You have to use it every day already? Just because you have to use it does not mean that everybody…

不要害羞。如果你觉得自己英语不够好，那没关系。我们非常有耐心，会等你。我们很乐意使用手机上的翻译软件或任何工具。我们在这里帮助你。请来问我们，并确保你来办公时间。成功的秘诀是：到场、提问、仔细阅读邮件和Canvas公告。大家都知道Canvas是什么吗？谁以前从未听说过Canvas？你每天已经必须使用它了？仅仅因为你必须使用它，并不意味着每个人……

It is not simply a matter of not coming to university. You are ill—you are in bed, you cannot get out of bed. That is a serious illness. But it might also be that something happens in your family: you might have to go home to help your parents because someone fell ill. God forbid, there might be a death in the family, and you have to attend a funeral—something severe that might happen. That is acceptable; it happens to all of us. Heriot-Watt would like to help you in these situations, and we can help you if you apply for mitigating circumstances. Mitigating circumstances is a process we use at Heriot-Watt for students to notify us of things that go wrong. I often hear from Chinese students that...

这不仅仅是没来上课的问题。你生病了——你躺在床上，起不来身。这是严重的疾病。但也可能是家里出了事：你可能不得不回家照顾父母，因为家里有人病了。但愿不会发生，家里可能有人去世，你必须去参加葬礼——总之是某种严重的变故。这完全可以理解，这种事谁都会遇到。赫瑞-瓦特大学希望在这些情况下帮助你，而如果你申请缓解性情形（mitigating circumstances），我们就能帮到你。缓解性情形是赫瑞-瓦特大学使用的一个流程，供学生向我们通报所遇到的困难。我经常听到中国学生说……

Students are often afraid that their transcript will show that they have been ill, that they could not go to university, that it will reveal anything about their mitigating circumstances. But at Royal Holloway, we do not put anything of this on the transcript. Mitigating circumstances simply means you were so ill that you could not submit your coursework. If you cannot submit your coursework, you will not get a mark, but you feel ill. So in order to mitigate this, we want you to fill in this application. There is guidance on this on the Royal Holloway website, and you can ask your OLC tutors as well for help with this process; they will be able to guide you. The important thing to remember is: if you are ill during block teaching, mention it to your OLC tutors, mention it to the lecturer who is here, and they will also be able to help you in applying for this. We do not want you to fail a course because you are ill. So please remember the mitigating circumstances.

学生常常担心自己的成绩单上会显示他们曾生病、无法去大学，或者会暴露任何关于缓解性情况的信息。但在皇家霍洛威学院，我们不会在成绩单上记录任何此类内容。缓解性情况的含义很简单：你病得无法提交课程作业。如果你无法提交课程作业，你就拿不到分数，但你确实生病了。因此，为了缓解这一情况，我们希望你们填写这份申请表。皇家霍洛威学院网站上有相关指导，你们也可以向自己的OLC导师寻求帮助，他们能够指导你们完成这一流程。需要牢记的重要一点是：如果你在集中教学期间生病了，请告诉你的OLC导师，也告诉在场的讲师，他们同样能够帮助你提交申请。我们不希望你们因为生病而挂科。所以请务必记住缓解性情况这一机制。

There is the mitigating circumstances process that you need to follow, and for OUC courses, there is the OUC equivalent process. OUC courses can help with this. Then you will get a decision on whether it was accepted or rejected. Once you get this decision, it will not tell you what is going to happen. That is a bit complicated when it comes to mitigating circumstances. I am not sure if it is the same with OUC, but if you apply for mitigating circumstances and it is accepted, the university makes the university—

你需要遵循缓解特殊情况（mitigating circumstances）的流程，而对于OUC课程，则有对应的OUC等效流程。OUC课程方面可以协助处理此事。之后你会收到一个决定，告知申请是被接受还是被拒绝。一旦你收到这个决定，它不会告诉你接下来会发生什么。在缓解特殊情况方面，这一点有些复杂。我不确定OUC是否适用同样的规则，但如果你申请了缓解特殊情况且获得通过，大学会做出——

People will tell you your application has been accepted. Then, at the end of the semester, we will look at the marks that you received for the course, we will look at all the mitigating circumstances, and then, as academics, we will decide what the best thing to do is. You might have submitted your coursework late. If you submit late, you get a late penalty. If you have mitigating circumstances, we will remove the penalty. If you do not submit at all, you might get zero marks for coursework, and then we find a different way — we scale up an exam mark. We find ways to help you. We will act in your best interest when you have mitigating circumstances. So the one thing to remember is: if there is anything happening, talk to your lecturers. Submit mitigating circumstances to Harry Watson for this course, and for all UCL courses it is the same process. The same applies if you might need to…

有人会告诉你，你的申请已被接受。然后在学期末，我们会查看你该门课程的成绩，查看所有缓解情况，作为学术人员，我们会决定最佳的处理方式。你可能迟交了课程作业。如果迟交，你会受到迟交处罚。如果你有缓解情况，我们会取消该处罚。如果你完全没有提交，你可能会在课程作业上得到零分，然后我们会寻找其他方式——比如提高考试成绩的权重。我们会想办法帮助你。当你有缓解情况时，我们会以你的最大利益为行动准则。所以请记住一点：如果发生了任何事情，请与你的讲师沟通。本课程的缓解情况请提交给Harry Watson，所有UCL课程都是同样的流程。同样的原则也适用于你可能需要……

And that sometimes leads to panic when a deadline comes close, and that leads to people trying to cheat because they don't see any other way out. Sometimes people copy from each other. A lot of times now, students use generative AI—DeepSeek or anything else—in order to produce an assignment. And as a university, we see this more and more, sadly, because of how things are going in the world. However—

这有时会导致学生在截止日期临近时陷入恐慌，进而试图作弊，因为他们看不到其他出路。有时学生会互相抄袭。如今很多学生使用生成式AI——DeepSeek或其他工具——来完成作业。作为一所大学，我们越来越频繁地看到这些现象，令人遗憾，因为当今世界的形势如此。然而——

There are five things that Heriot-Watt considers cheating. The most obvious: you find someone else's code on a computer somewhere, and it's the assignment that you're currently working on, so you just submit that as your own coursework. But that's not really how things should work. You have to do your own work. Copying someone's work and submitting it without telling anybody that it's not your work is called plagiarism.

赫瑞瓦特认为有五种行为属于作弊。最明显的一种：你在某台电脑上找到别人写的代码，而它正是你当前正在完成的作业，于是你直接把它作为自己的课程作业提交。但事情不应该这样运作。你必须完成自己的工作。抄袭他人的作品并在未告知任何人的情况下将其作为自己的成果提交，这被称为剽窃。

Collusion is when you have an individual piece of coursework that you must complete alone, but you work on it with a few friends and then submit a very similar solution. That is not allowed if it is not group work, and it is called collusion — you collude with someone or a few other people in order to produce the coursework. There is also self-plagiarism, which is sometimes very confusing for students. Suppose you take a course on programming and submit your code in the first semester. In the second semester, there is another course that does something similar to the first. You think, "Can I just reuse the code I wrote for the first course and add a bit?" This is normally called self-plagiarism. If you submit something for several courses, that is also not allowed — you are copying from yourself. Something that everybody knows is

合谋是指你有一项必须独立完成的学习任务，但你却与几个朋友一起完成，然后提交了非常相似的解决方案。如果这不是小组作业，那就不被允许，这被称为合谋——你与他人串通以完成课程作业。 还有自我剽窃，这有时让学生非常困惑。假设你修了一门编程课，在第一学期提交了自己的代码。第二学期有另一门课，内容与第一学期的课程类似。你会想："我能不能直接复用第一学期写的代码，再加一点东西？"这通常被称为自我剽窃。如果你将同一份内容提交给多门课程，那也是不被允许的——本质上你在抄袭自己。 每个人都知道的是

Falsification. Next year you will be starting group projects where you build robots. If your robot does not work properly but you still want to get a good mark, you create a video where you pretend the robot works and you tell everybody this was an awesome project and here is our data that we produced, but this is not real data. That is called falsification, and again, this is not allowed.

伪造数据。明年你们将开始小组项目，需要搭建机器人。如果你的机器人没有正常工作，但你仍然想拿到好成绩，你就制作一段视频假装机器人可以运作，然后告诉大家这是一个很棒的项目，这是我们产出的数据——但这些并不是真实的数据。这就叫做伪造数据，同样，这是不被允许的。

There are things I would like you to be aware of and try to avoid during your studies, because we have had issues—not just in this programme but across the board—with a lot of students being under pressure and stress. To check that everyone is listening, I have a short quiz for you. Some courses might allow you to use AI, but that does not mean all courses allow you to use AI. If you are ever unsure, ask the lecturer what you are allowed to use and what you are not.

有些事项我希望你们在学习期间留意并尽量避免，因为我们不仅在本课程中，而且在整体层面都遇到过问题——很多学生承受着巨大的压力和焦虑。为了确认大家都在认真听讲，我准备了一个小测验。有些课程可能允许你使用AI，但这并不意味着所有课程都允许使用AI。如果你拿不准，就去问讲师哪些可以用、哪些不可以用。

This is a quiz. I will describe a situation, and I want you to put your hand up if you think it is cheating. The first scenario: you copy a paragraph from the internet into your coursework and you do not tell anybody that you copied it. Who thinks that is cheating? Put your hand up. That is very obvious — everybody agrees. Yes, you are right. Copying words or ideas without acknowledgement is plagiarism. You can copy and paste something into your work, but you have to cite it and put it in quotation marks. Then it is acceptable to do that. Next one.

这是一次小测验。我会描述一种情境，如果你认为它属于作弊，请举手。第一个情境：你从互联网上复制了一段文字放进自己的课程作业中，并且没有告诉任何人你是复制的。谁认为这是作弊？请举手。很明显——所有人都举手了。没错，你们是对的。未经致谢而复制他人的文字或观点就是抄袭。你可以将内容复制粘贴到自己的作业中，但必须注明出处，并使用引号标注。这样做才是允许的。下一个。

A classmate explains an equation to you, out of your robotics course or your maths course, and then you solve the assignment yourself afterwards. But it is an individual assignment. Is that cheating? Put your hand up if you think that is cheating. Nobody. Good. It is not cheating. You can explain things to each other. Actually, I would encourage you to try to explain things to each other, because if you are trying to explain something to someone else, you will understand it better afterwards. It helps you understand the thing if you are able to explain it to someone else. So helping someone understand is also different from sharing a solution, and it will help you to understand the same concept as well. Next one.

一位同学向你解释了一个方程，可能来自你的机器人课程或数学课程，然后你自己完成了作业。但这是一份个人作业。这算作弊吗？如果你认为这是作弊，请举手。没有人。很好。这不是作弊。你们可以互相讲解。实际上，我鼓励你们尝试互相解释，因为当你试图向别人讲解某个东西时，你自己之后会理解得更透彻。如果你能够向别人解释清楚，这本身就能帮助你加深理解。所以，帮助他人理解与直接分享答案是有区别的，而且这样做也会帮助你更好地理解同一个概念。下一个。

Two students submit almost identical codes for an individual programming assignment. They worked together, even though it was an individual assignment. This is cheating. This would be called collusion. Group work is allowed only if the coursework is a group project. Please pay attention to this. You are allowed to explain things to each other if someone has a question, but you are not allowed to work together on the same solution.

两名学生提交了一份个人编程作业中几乎完全相同的代码。尽管这是个人作业，他们却一起完成了它。这属于作弊行为，称为共谋（collusion）。只有当课程作业本身是小组项目时，才允许进行小组合作。请注意这一点。如果某人有疑问，你们可以互相解释，但不允许共同编写同一个解决方案。

Coursework permits AI brainstorming: you may use DeepSeek for ideas and must disclose their use. No generated paragraphs of code are copied into the submission, because that constitutes cheating. If it is permitted to use AI, then you are obviously allowed to use AI. However, you will not be allowed to simply copy and paste generated material into a report.

课程作业允许使用AI进行头脑风暴：你可以使用DeepSeek获取思路，但必须披露其使用情况。不得将生成的代码段落直接复制到提交材料中，因为这属于作弊行为。如果允许使用AI，那么你当然可以使用AI。但是，你不被允许将生成的内容简单地复制粘贴到报告中。

I don't want to read what DeepSeek produced. I want to read what you produced. I don't care about AI slop that you copy and paste into your assignments. I want to read what's in here, not what's on the internet. But there are courses where you are allowed to use AI. In my fourth-year course on robotics, I am allowing students to use AI for coding, because the coding is not the important part. They can use whatever they like in order to produce code, but there are other assessments in that course. In first year, you will not be allowed to use AI for many things, because we first need you to learn how to do things by yourself. AI was trained to sound very convincing. AI was trained to make you believe that it is always right. And if you don't know what's right, then you will believe AI. Lots of people do, and it leads to lots of problems all over the world.

我不想读DeepSeek生成的内容，我想读你们自己写出来的东西。我不关心你们复制粘贴到作业里的AI垃圾。我想读的是你们脑子里的东西，而不是互联网上的东西。但确实有些课程是允许使用AI的。在我的四年级机器人学课程中，我允许学生使用AI来编写代码，因为编码本身并不是重点。他们可以用任何工具来生成代码，但那门课还有其他考核环节。在一年级，很多情况下你们是不被允许使用AI的，因为我们首先需要你们学会独立完成事情。AI被训练得听起来非常有说服力，它被训练成让你相信它永远是对的。如果你不知道什么是对的，你就会相信AI。很多人确实这样做了，这在全世界造成了大量问题。

You need to teach the fundamentals first. Once you know the fundamentals, you can then use AI, have a look at the output, and see how rubbish it actually is. Because at the moment, most AI models are not really good at what they do—they just try to please. Next one: 'I let generative AI write my report and submit it as my own work.' Who thinks it's cheating? Hopefully everybody will put their hand up, because clearly—

你需要先教授基础知识。一旦掌握了基础知识，你就可以使用AI，查看其输出结果，看看它实际上有多糟糕。因为目前大多数AI模型并不擅长它们所做的事情——它们只是在试图讨好用户。下一张：'我让生成式AI帮我写报告，然后当作自己的作业提交。'谁认为这是作弊？希望大家都会举手，因为显然——

Clearly, that is cheating. Submitting unauthorised AI-generated material as your own work constitutes academic misconduct. Next scenario: you submit part of a report you have previously used for another assessment. You have one piece of coursework as part of a different module, a different course, and you submit the same thing. Is that cheating? Some people are very certain that it is not cheating.

显然，那就是作弊。将未经授权的AI生成材料作为自己的作品提交，构成学术不端行为。下一个情形：你将之前用于另一份评估的报告的一部分再次提交。你在一个不同的模块、不同的课程中有一份作业，然后你把同样的东西再交一次。这算作弊吗？有些人非常确定地认为这不算作弊。

Yes, I am very proud of you. Thank you very much for listening to me. Recycling assessed work without permission or appropriate acknowledgement can be self-plagiarism, which is also not allowed. Second to last: I read a paper and I write my own explanation and give a correct citation. Who thinks that is cheating? Nobody. Good. That is what we do for a living in research—we use papers, we cite them, we write a literature review, and that is perfectly fine and encouraged. And the last one: My robot failed some tests, so I invent better results for the final project report. Who thinks that is cheating? Good. It is a very obvious case.

是的，我为你们感到非常骄傲，非常感谢你们的聆听。未经许可或未经适当致谢而重复使用已评估的作业，可能构成自我抄袭，这也是不允许的。倒数第二个问题：我阅读了一篇论文，写下自己的解释并给出正确的引用。谁认为这是作弊？没有人。很好。这正是我们在研究中的日常工作——我们使用论文、引用它们、撰写文献综述，这完全没问题，也是被鼓励的。最后一个问题：我的机器人没有通过某些测试，所以我在最终项目报告中编造了更好的结果。谁认为这是作弊？很好，这是一个非常明显的案例。

Fabricating or manipulating results is research and academic misconduct. There are two misconducts that students need to avoid. The simple rules are: produce your own work, credit sources, cite tools correctly, and ask the lecturer if you have any questions. What happens if you forget about all of this, or if, because you had some external stress and did not know any other way out, you cheated in an assignment? Let me tell you what happens if that were the case.

伪造或篡改研究结果属于学术不端行为。学生需要避免两类不端行为。简单的规则是：独立完成自己的作业，注明引用来源，正确引用所使用的工具，如有疑问请向讲师提问。如果你忽略了以上所有要求，或者因为外部压力而找不到其他出路，从而在作业中作弊，会发生什么？让我告诉你，如果真是那样，后果会如何。

If a student cheats, the lecturer will very likely notice, right? Because we all know what AI output looks like; we all can see similarities between programming assignments. So the lecturer will submit a report to the school. In the school, there is a committee that has a look at all the reports and asks the student as well to write a statement. So if you are accused of cheating, the university will ask you to write a statement about what happened. Because sometimes, if you use a shared computer for example, you might also leave your work on the computer, and another student finds it and then submits it as their own work. So it wasn't you cheating, but it was someone else. But we as lecturers don't know who copied whom necessarily, right? So we ask the students to submit statements telling us what happened in their words.

如果学生作弊，讲师很可能会注意到，对吧？因为我们都知道AI生成的内容是什么样子的，我们都能看出编程作业之间的相似性。所以讲师会向学校提交一份报告。在学校里，有一个委员会负责审阅所有报告，同时也会要求学生撰写一份声明。也就是说，如果你被指控作弊，大学会要求你写一份声明，说明发生了什么。因为有时候，比如你使用的是共享电脑，你可能会把自己的作业留在电脑上，然后另一个学生发现了它，并把它当作自己的作品提交上去。所以作弊的不是你，而是别人。但我们作为讲师，并不一定知道是谁抄了谁的，对吧？因此我们会要求学生提交声明，用他们自己的话告诉我们到底发生了什么。

They read the statements, they have a look at the evidence, and sometimes they might even ask students for an interview. So you have to do an online interview with a panel that can be scary — it's all in English, with strangers that you've never seen before. But they are just trying to find out what actually happened. And then afterwards, they will pass judgment, or they will make a decision about what's going to happen to the student. In a lot of cases, nothing happens because there either was not enough evidence, or it was not your fault — in the case that I just described, where you just left your file on the computer and someone else copied it. But sometimes people are found guilty, and then they receive a zero mark for the coursework they cheated in, or in the exam. By the way, we had some — I want to tell you a funny case. At Heriot-Watt in the UK, we had a student try to cheat in a written exam. They had their phone with them, and what they did was they had—

他们会阅读陈述材料，查看证据，有时甚至会要求学生接受面谈。你需要参加一个在线面谈，对面是一个评审小组，这可能会让人紧张——全程用英语进行，面对的都是你从未见过的陌生人。但他们只是想弄清楚实际发生了什么。之后，他们会作出裁决，或者决定对学生采取什么处理。在很多情况下，什么都不会发生，因为要么证据不足，要么不是你的错——比如我刚才描述的那种情况，你只是把文件留在了电脑上，别人复制了它。但有时学生会被认定有罪，那么他们在那门课程中作弊的作业或考试就会得到零分。顺便说一下，我们有过一些——我想给你们讲一个有趣的案例。在英国的赫瑞瓦特大学，有一个学生试图在笔试中作弊。他们带了手机，而他们做的事情是——

ChatGPT allows students to open it on their phone, type in the answer under the table, and then write in the answer in the exam. Do you know how we found out that they did that? Because they wrote down everything. Even in the end, when ChatGPT asked, 'Do you want me to explain this?' — they wrote down the response. So they stressed the fact that they didn't read or understand. It happened.

ChatGPT 让学生可以在手机上打开它，在桌子底下输入答案，然后把答案写进考试卷里。你们知道我们是怎么发现他们这样做的吗？因为他们把一切都抄了下来。甚至到最后，当 ChatGPT 问'需要我解释一下吗？'——他们连这个回复也抄了下来。所以他们恰恰暴露了自己根本没有阅读或理解所写的内容。这种事确实发生过。

And if that happens—if you fail an exam—it will reflect negatively on your transcript. So I wanted to say: be smart about it, right? Don't cheat. But if you cheat and get away with it, well, that's fine. Anyway, you might have to repeat the course, and that might reflect negatively on your transcript; it might reflect negatively on your timeline when it comes to visas and all these things. So try to leave enough time for things. Speaking about visas and all these things, it's been very—

如果发生了这种情况——如果你考试不及格——它会对你的成绩单产生负面影响。所以我想说的是：要聪明一点，对吧？不要作弊。但如果你作弊且没有被发现，那也没关系。总之，你可能需要重修这门课程，这可能会对你的成绩单产生负面影响；在申请签证等事务上，也可能影响你的时间安排。所以尽量预留充足的时间。说到签证这些事情，情况一直非常——

I would like to give you an overview of what is going to happen over the next few years. First, these are Heriot-Watt grades. Our grading system differs from OUC's. At Heriot-Watt, if you are excellent at what you do, you will receive 70 or above. 40 is the pass mark. At OUC, the pass mark is 60. Therefore, if you receive a 40 in a Heriot-Watt course, it will appear as 60 on your OUC transcript. If you score above 70 in a Heriot-Watt course, that means you are performing very well. From Year 1 to Year 2, we require you to have passed at least six of your courses. There is one course that is particularly important for Heriot-Watt: Software Development 2, which will be taught next semester. Try to make sure that you get at least a C.

我想向大家概述一下未来几年的安排。首先，这些是赫瑞瓦特的成绩等级。我们的评分体系与中国海洋大学不同。在赫瑞瓦特，如果你表现优异，将获得70分及以上；40分为及格线。而在中国海洋大学，及格线为60分。因此，如果你在赫瑞瓦特的某门课程中获得40分，在你的中国海洋大学成绩单上将显示为60分。如果你在赫瑞瓦特的某门课程中取得70分以上，说明你的表现非常出色。从第一年到第二年，我们要求你至少通过六门课程。其中有一门课程对赫瑞瓦特而言尤为重要：软件开发2，该课程将于下学期开设。请务必确保你至少获得一个C。

In softwood development one, that's not true anymore—you don't need a C, you just need a D. So for softwood development two, now you just need 40 percent, let's not forget, for this year. But you need to pass softwood development two; that will be important. Then in year two, you need to pass another six courses. And in year three, you need to have at least a 50 percent average at the first attempt in all your year two courses. So you need to be at least good. I think an obvious equivalent would be 70 or something—60 is the pass mark, but it'll be around 70. But in the Heriot-Watt processes, we need at least 50. Just as a bit of a teaser of what's to come. And then also, just to tell you a bit more about the Heriot-Watt processes, because sometimes students ask us, 'When can I see my marks on the system? When can I get my transcripts?' At Heriot-Watt, we have fixed timelines for our course assessment points.

在软木开发一中，情况已经变了——你不再需要C，只需要D。所以软木开发二现在只需要40%，别忘了这一点。但你必须通过软木开发二，这很重要。然后在第二年，你需要再通过另外六门课程。到了第三年，你所有第二年的课程在第一次尝试中至少需要达到50%的平均分。所以你必须表现良好。我认为对应的UCAS分数大概是70左右——60是及格线，但实际大约需要70。不过在赫瑞瓦特的流程中，我们至少需要50%。这只是对后续内容的一点预告。另外，再介绍一下赫瑞瓦特的流程，因为有时学生会问：'我什么时候能在系统上看到成绩？什么时候能拿到成绩单？'在赫瑞瓦特，我们的课程考核节点有固定的时间安排。

In October, we have a look at all your marks, make sure everything went well, and then the marks go into our system. In June, we have progression boards for Year 3 students, and in August, we have progression boards for Year 1 and 2, where we make a decision on whether you progress to the next year. I know there are a few differences between OUC and Heriot-Watt progression. Even if you fail a few Heriot-Watt courses or a few OUC courses, normally you will just progress to second year after the break and move to the new campus. But in the Heriot-Watt system, you might still be in Year 1, simply because different universities have different systems. So do not worry too much about it—we will make sure that you progress through the system correctly, and we will try our best for you to come to Heriot-Watt as quickly as possible. If you ever have any questions about progression, you can always ask the OUC team.

每年十月，我们会审阅你们所有的成绩，确保一切顺利，然后将成绩录入系统。六月，我们为三年级学生召开升级评审会；八月，我们为一年级和二年级学生召开升级评审会，届时我们将决定是否让你们升入下一年级。我知道OUC与赫瑞瓦特在升级制度上存在一些差异。即使你挂了几门赫瑞瓦特的课程或几门OUC的课程，通常你仍会在假期后升入二年级，并转到新校区。但在赫瑞瓦特的体系中，你可能仍留在一年级，这仅仅是因为不同大学有不同的制度。所以不必过于担心——我们会确保你按照体系正确升级，也会尽最大努力让你尽快前往赫瑞瓦特。如果你对升级有任何疑问，随时可以向OUC团队咨询。

This is important for Year 3. You do not need to worry about it right now. I will tell you more about this when we come closer to Year 3. This is how your final mark is calculated for Heriot-Watt. Sometimes this is interesting for students in Year 1 as well, because you do not care about your Year 1 marks. You do not care about your Year 2 marks either for a Heriot-Watt degree. For a degree in the UK, the only thing that counts is Year 3 and Year 4. That is different for your OUC degree, and that might be different if you are looking for postgraduate studies in China, or if you are looking for a job in China, because they will care about your first and second year marks as well. If you are wanting to do a postgraduate degree in the UK, if you are wanting to find work in the UK, for example—

这对大三很重要。你现在不需要担心这个。等我们接近大三时，我会再详细讲解。这就是赫瑞瓦特大学最终成绩的计算方式。有时候大一的学生也会觉得这很有趣，因为你们不需要在意大一的成绩。对于赫瑞瓦特的学位，大二的成绩同样不需要在意。在英国，只有大三和大四的成绩才计入学位等级。但你的OUC学位不同，如果你打算在中国读研究生或在中国找工作，情况也可能不同，因为对方会关注你大一和大二的成绩。如果你想在英国读研究生，或者想在英国找工作，例如——

Year three and year four will be important for your final mark. Year one and two, you just need to pass. This is an example of how it would be calculated: so year three is twenty percent of your average mark, year four the total course is fifty percent, and then your final year project is thirty percent. Normally what happens is that students on this programme are really good in year three, and then they come to the UK, and because everything is new and there are lots of strange people around and it is a strange country as well, it takes a little bit of time to adjust. Sometimes the marks go down a little bit in year four towards the end of the day. So if you do really well in year three, you get compensated a little bit for your marks going down a little bit in year four. This is just for you to have an idea of how they calculate it.

大三和大四的成绩对最终成绩很重要。大一和大二只需要通过即可。这里举一个计算方式的例子：大三占你平均成绩的百分之二十，大四整个课程占百分之五十，毕业设计占百分之三十。通常的情况是，这个项目里的学生大三表现很好，然后来到英国，因为一切都是新的，周围有很多陌生的人，也是一个陌生的国家，需要一些时间来适应。有时候大四的成绩会稍微下降一点。所以如果你大三考得特别好，就可以在一定程度上弥补大四成绩的下滑。这只是让大家了解一下他们是怎么计算的。

In the past, we have seen that more than half the students of this programme actually go on to further study abroad. A lot of them go to the UK, to very prestigious universities. Others go to Australia, the US, Singapore, and Hong Kong. About forty per cent return to China, again to very high-level universities, in Beijing for example. We have a lot of students who had embassy interviews this year because they applied to very prestigious universities. Sadly, we do not have many students who reply to our emails when we ask them what they are doing after university ends. So once you are there, please reply to our emails.

过去我们看到，这个课程超过一半的学生实际上会到海外继续深造。很多人去英国，进入非常顶尖的大学。还有一些人去澳大利亚、美国、新加坡和香港。大约百分之四十回到中国，同样是进入非常高水平的大学，比如北京的院校。今年我们有很多学生参加了使馆面试，因为他们申请了非常顶尖的大学。遗憾的是，当我们发邮件询问学生大学毕业后在做什么时，回复的人并不多。所以一旦你们到了那里，请回复我们的邮件。

Around sixty percent of students choose to stay abroad for their master's programme. In big part, that is because a master's in the UK only takes one year. It does not take three years like in China, but it is the same quality of education. So a lot of students choose this to save time. You save two years. You can even do a PhD in the UK afterwards, because a PhD in the UK is three years, whereas in China it is five years. So you can save up to four years just by studying abroad. Then you can come back to China and become a professor. Your professorship here is not the same, right? And it does not mean you are less qualified. You can still become a very high-ranking professor. Professor Dong, for example, studied in the UK as well and is now a head.

大约百分之六十的学生选择留在国外攻读硕士项目。这在很大程度上是因为英国的硕士只需要一年时间。不像中国需要三年，但教育质量是相同的。所以很多学生选择这种方式来节省时间。你可以省下两年。你甚至可以在英国继续攻读博士，因为英国的博士是三年，而中国是五年。所以仅仅通过在国外学习，你就能节省长达四年的时间。然后你可以回到中国成为一名教授。你在这里的教授职位是不一样的，对吧？这并不意味着你的资质较低。你仍然可以成为一位非常高级别的教授。例如，董教授也在英国留过学，现在担任负责人。

It just saves you some time, which is why most students choose to study abroad. And some people like it abroad as well. The UK is nice. Edinburgh is a very nice city. I would not recommend you go to London to study afterwards. London is not a very nice place to live. It is a very good place to study, but living in London can be hard. It is very expensive, and the areas where students normally live are not very nice. Edinburgh is completely different. Edinburgh is a very pretty city. Everybody in Edinburgh is friendly. The Scottish people are very friendly. London is a different story. Just personal opinion.

出国学习可以节省一些时间，这也是大多数学生选择出国留学的原因。有些人也很喜欢在国外生活。英国很不错。爱丁堡是一座非常好的城市。我不建议之后去伦敦读书。伦敦不是一个适合居住的好地方。它非常适合学习，但在伦敦生活可能很艰难。那里消费很高，学生通常居住的区域也不太好。爱丁堡则完全不同。爱丁堡是一座非常美丽的城市，人人都很友善。苏格兰人非常热情好客。伦敦则是另一回事了。这只是我个人的看法。

Speaking about performance in Year 1: some of you might struggle to understand what I am saying because you have been out of school for only a few months, and English might still be a problem. The one thing I notice is that all of you are smart. All of you know exactly what you are doing when it comes to maths, programming, and engineering. You are all very clever. However, the one thing that holds students back in final year is English. They sit in an exam, they are stressed, and the sentence in front of them does not make sense. They do not understand the question. They struggle to write an answer in a way that I can understand what they actually mean. And then we cannot give them the marks that they would deserve, because they know all the things that we want them to know. But if you are not able to put it on paper in an exam, then we cannot give you a mark.

谈谈一年级的表现：你们中有些人可能难以理解我所说的话，因为你们离开学校才几个月，英语可能仍然是一个问题。我注意到的一点是，你们所有人都很聪明。在数学、编程和工程方面，你们每个人都清楚自己在做什么。你们都非常出色。然而，到了高年级，真正拖住学生后腿的是英语。他们坐在考场上，感到紧张，眼前的句子读不通，题目看不懂，写出的答案我无法理解他们的真实意思。于是我们无法给出他们应得的分数——因为他们确实掌握了我们希望他们掌握的所有知识。但如果无法在考试中将其清晰地呈现在纸面上，我们就无法给你打分。

English is the one thing that is holding students back in fourth year. So if there is anything that you take away from my presentation, it is: read your emails and practise your English. Don't wait until year three to practise your English — do it now. It might feel weird to speak English with each other, even though you all speak Chinese, but practise with each other. Watch films in English. Play games in English — everybody likes playing games, right? And they do come in English; you can change the language. Listen to audiobooks. Read books. Practise where you can. Immerse yourself in English, because it will help, especially in written exams. If you come to the UK, I have a few students who start on a paper and I talk with them in supervision meetings and read translation apps, and that's not a problem. I don't care if it takes a little longer for your phone to translate things.

英语是第四年阻碍学生进步的唯一因素。所以如果你们从我的演讲中只能带走一点，那就是：阅读你的邮件，练习你的英语。不要等到第三年才开始练习英语——现在就做。用英语互相交流可能会觉得别扭，即使你们都讲中文，但还是要互相练习。看英文电影。玩英文游戏——大家都喜欢玩游戏，对吧？游戏确实有英文版本，你可以切换语言。听有声书。读书。尽可能多地练习。让自己沉浸在英语环境中，因为这会有帮助，尤其是在笔试中。如果你来到英国，我有几个学生刚开始写论文，我在指导会议中和他们交流时会使用翻译软件，这完全没问题。我不在乎你的手机翻译需要多花一点时间。

In an exam, we cannot use certain tools. There are exams, especially with large language models, because we have to make sure that students actually do the things themselves. It gets harder and harder to know. So in an exam, you will need to be able to read and write under exam conditions, which is hard. I hate exams. Everybody hates exams. But we have to do them in order to test you, and for that, English is important. Also, your English language evidence—try to do the IELTS as soon as possible. It will help you not to have to pay too much money for your visa later on. So if you are practising your English, try to do the IELTS even before Year Three if you can. There is something called a Pre-Sessional English course, PSE, which is in summer before Year Three, and that is a fallback. If you do not manage to do your IELTS, you can do this course online. It is a six-week programme, but you will only know…

在考试中，我们不能使用某些工具。设置考试，尤其是在大语言模型出现之后，是因为我们必须确保学生确实是自己完成作业的。要判断这一点越来越难。所以在考试中，你需要能够在考试条件下阅读和写作，这很困难。我讨厌考试，每个人都讨厌考试。但我们必须通过考试来检验你们，而英语在这方面很重要。另外，关于你们的英语语言证明——请尽快参加雅思考试。这样你们日后申请签证时就不必支付太多费用。如果你正在练习英语，尽量在三年级之前就考雅思。赫瑞瓦特有一门叫做学前英语课程（Pre-Sessional English，简称PSE）的课程，安排在三年级之前的暑假，算是一个备选方案。如果你没能及时考出雅思成绩，可以在线修读这门课程。它是一个为期六周的项目，但你只会知道……

In August, if you pass it, by September you already have to be in Edinburgh. It makes it very tight to organize everything, so try to do your IELTS as early as possible. A few things I want you to remember: You are already Heriot-Watt students, and I am very happy to see you all here. Thank you for coming. Ask your lecturers for help, especially when you are ill or something is wrong—tell them. Don't cheat; that is always good advice. Practice your English—practicing your English is the most important thing you can do from now until you graduate. I will talk to you again in a couple of years. That is it. This is my email address. You can email me any time you want, and I will try to help you as best as I can if you have any questions. If you have any questions right now, I am happy to have a chat.

如果你八月通过雅思，九月就已经必须到爱丁堡了，时间非常紧凑，所以尽量尽早考雅思。 我想让你们记住几点：你们已经是赫瑞瓦特的学生了，很高兴看到大家来到这里，感谢你们的到来。向你的讲师寻求帮助，尤其是生病或遇到问题时，一定要告诉他们。不要作弊，这永远是好的建议。练习英语——从现在到毕业，练习英语是你能做的最重要的事情。几年后我还会再和你们交流。 就这些。这是我的邮箱地址，你们随时可以给我发邮件，如果有任何问题，我会尽力帮助你们。如果现在有问题，我很乐意和大家聊聊。

If you want to talk privately, I'll be hanging around — if you don't want to talk in front of everybody. Thank you very much for being here. Thank you very much for listening to me. I hope you had a great time. Does anybody have any questions? If you do have any questions, I'll be up here and we can just have a chat. Thank you very much. I'll see you again a few times before the end of the day. Hope you have a lovely evening. I'm very happy to help.

如果你想私下交流，我会在附近，不必在大家面前说。非常感谢各位到场，感谢大家的聆听，希望你们度过了一段愉快的时光。有人有问题吗？如果有的话，我会留在这里，我们可以聊聊。非常感谢。今天结束前我们还会再见几次。祝大家晚上愉快。我很乐意帮忙。